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Liberdade de religião na jurisprudência do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos do Homem (TEDH) e notas sobre o caso brasileiro
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A liberdade religiosa é direito fundamental em muitas constituições nacionais, estando
presente também nos diplomas jurídicos internacionais. Desta forma, deve estar voltada à proteção jurisprudencial não somente nas Cortes nacionais, mas também naquelas supranacionais, fiscalizadoras da função das primeiras. Neste modelo, tem-se o Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem, que hoje passa a apresentar jurisprudência mais robusta na temática da liberdade religiosa e nos permite, por este trabalho, avaliar quais as diretrizes e os posicionamentos ali adotados. Antes, todavia, fazem-se necessárias as conceitualizações e os
contornos de termos recorrentes à liberdade religiosa, quais sejam laicidade, secularismo e laicismo, para além de avaliar a história e a legislação de alguns países destacáveis submetidos à jurisdição do TEDH. Previamente ao ingresso detido na jurisprudência propriamente dita daquela Corte em matéria religiosa, dividida em subtemas, avaliam-se as normas convergentes ao tema, sobretudo da Convenção Europeia de Direitos do Homem, e os caminhos processuais das queixas interpostas a nível de Conselho da Europa. Em conseguinte, busca-se o exame minucioso, sempre com recurso à doutrina e aos casos julgados, daquele que é apontado como o mais recorrente critério de julgamento do TEDH: a Teoria da Margem de Apreciação. Ao final, dá-se atenção, com notas, à liberdade religiosa no Brasil – pois que modelo de suposta relevância jurídico-acadêmica à matéria e ao trabalho -,
avaliando sua história, sincretismo religioso, legislação e jurisprudência. Tudo estudado para viabilizar a observações úteis aos direitos humanos e do Direito Internacional.
Religious freedom is a fundamental right in many national constitutions, being also present in international legal texts. Then, it should offer jurisprudence protection not only of national courts, as well as those supranational, which are supervisors of the first. In this model, there is the European Court of Human Rights, which now begins to show more robust jurisprudence on the subject of religious freedom and allows us, for this work, evaluate what policies and positions adopted there. Before, however, are necessary the conceptualizations and contours of terms recurring religious freedom, distinguish the many meanings of secularism, as well as evaluating the history and legislation of some detachable countries submitted to the EctHR´s jurisdiction. Prior to joining closely in jurisprudence that the Court itself in religious matters, divided into subtopics, we evaluate the norms converging to the subject, especially the European Convention on Human Rights, and the paths procedural complaints filed at the Council of Europe. In consequence, we seek to scrutiny, always using the doctrine and the case law, which is identified as the most recurrent touchstone of the ECtHR judgment: Margin of Appreciation Doctrine. Finally, attention is paid, with notes, to the religious freedom in Brazil - because its a alleged model of relevant contributions to the academic legal studies of issue - evaluating its history, religious syncretism, legislation and case law. All studied to enable the production of useful observations to the human rights and International Law.
Religious freedom is a fundamental right in many national constitutions, being also present in international legal texts. Then, it should offer jurisprudence protection not only of national courts, as well as those supranational, which are supervisors of the first. In this model, there is the European Court of Human Rights, which now begins to show more robust jurisprudence on the subject of religious freedom and allows us, for this work, evaluate what policies and positions adopted there. Before, however, are necessary the conceptualizations and contours of terms recurring religious freedom, distinguish the many meanings of secularism, as well as evaluating the history and legislation of some detachable countries submitted to the EctHR´s jurisdiction. Prior to joining closely in jurisprudence that the Court itself in religious matters, divided into subtopics, we evaluate the norms converging to the subject, especially the European Convention on Human Rights, and the paths procedural complaints filed at the Council of Europe. In consequence, we seek to scrutiny, always using the doctrine and the case law, which is identified as the most recurrent touchstone of the ECtHR judgment: Margin of Appreciation Doctrine. Finally, attention is paid, with notes, to the religious freedom in Brazil - because its a alleged model of relevant contributions to the academic legal studies of issue - evaluating its history, religious syncretism, legislation and case law. All studied to enable the production of useful observations to the human rights and International Law.
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Direitos fundamentais Liberdade religiosa Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem Brasil Teses de mestrado - 2013