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Comportamentos demográficos em Luanda : fecundidade em áreas urbanas periféricas
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A investigação realizada procurou compreender quatro aspectos: (a) o quadro teórico mais relevante para o estudo da fecundidade; (b) o posicionamento de Angola na evolução recente da fecundidade; (c) a alteração de comportamentos procriativos em áreas periféricas urbanas, tendo por base um grupo-alvo específico - mulheres em idade de procriar (15 aos 49 anos) residentes no Município do Cacuaco (Luanda); e (d) a relação da fecundidade com a política social de Angola no decurso do desenvolvimento observado a partir do processo de reconstrução nacional (2002). Pretendeu-se, desta forma, contribuir para a melhoria do conhecimento científico no domínio da fecundidade e das políticas sociais e identificar questões importantes para a inserção destes temas em Angola. Em virtude da escassez de informação estatística que permita avaliar a evolução e os factores explicativos da fecundidade em Angola, definiu-se uma metodologia baseada em diversas técnicas de recolha de dados: inquérito por questionário aplicado a uma amostra de 671 mulheres em idade procriativa; grupos de discussão realizados com homens e mulheres; e entrevistas em profundidade efectuadas a decisores políticos. A investigação desenvolvida permitiu concluir que há uma mudança de comportamento procriativo entre as duas gerações (a de origem e a actual) e que factores culturais como o casamento e a memória colectiva contribuem para a definição do número de filhos no grupoalvo analisado, sendo este cada vez mais influenciado pelo custo económico da criança. Ainda por questões culturais, o recurso ao planeamento familiar e à contracepção não é relevante em Angola. A ténue modificação em curso nos comportamentos procriativos é aparentemente impulsionada por uma vontade de mudança específica da mulher e por uma maior consciência relativamente ao valor dos filhos. As políticas sociais desenvolvidas no país são neutrais em relação ao número de filhos e têm colocado o foco na protecção e qualificação da mulher e na cristalização do estatuto dos filhos enquanto crianças e jovens. Citam-se como principais dificuldades desta investigação a grande diversidade de modelos teóricos sobre a evolução e factores explicativos da fecundidade, a prevalência de perspectivas baseadas em evoluções e realidades de países mais desenvolvidos e a escassez de informação estatística sobre Angola.
The investigation that was pursued looked to understand four aspects: (a) the theoretical framework relevant for the study of fertility; (b) the positioning of Angola in the recent evolution of fertility; (c) the modification of procreative behaviors in urban peripheral areas, considering a specific study group - women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) resident in the Municipality of Cacuaco (Luanda); and (d) the relation of fecundity with the social policy of Angola in the continuation of the development observed since the beginning of the process of national reconstruction (2002). It was intended, in such a way, to contribute to the improvement of the scientific knowledge in the domain of fertility and social policies and also to identify important questions for the placing of these subjects in Angola. Taking into account the scarcity of statistical information that allows to evaluate the evolution and the explicative factors of fertility in Angola, a methodology based on diverse techniques of data collection was defined: inquiry by questionnaire applied to one sample of 671 women in procreative age; focus groups with men and women; and in-depth interviews with the decision makers/politicians. The investigation that was developed permitted to conclude that there is a change of procreative behavior between the two generations (of origin and the current one) and that cultural factors as marriage and collective memory contribute to the definition of the number of children in the group of women studied, being this number increasingly influenced by the economic cost of the child. Because of cultural reasons, the resource to familiar planning and contraception is still not important in Angola. The faint modification underway in procreative behaviors is apparently impelled by a will of specific change by the woman and by a bigger conscience toward the value of the children. The social policies developed in the country are neutral in respect to the number of children and have placed focus in the protection and qualification of the woman and in the crystallization of the statute of children while young. The main difficulties encountered in this investigation have been the great diversity of theoretical models on the evolution and clarifying factors of fertility, the prevalence of perspectives based on evolutions and realities of more developed countries and the scarcity of statistical information on Angola.
The investigation that was pursued looked to understand four aspects: (a) the theoretical framework relevant for the study of fertility; (b) the positioning of Angola in the recent evolution of fertility; (c) the modification of procreative behaviors in urban peripheral areas, considering a specific study group - women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) resident in the Municipality of Cacuaco (Luanda); and (d) the relation of fecundity with the social policy of Angola in the continuation of the development observed since the beginning of the process of national reconstruction (2002). It was intended, in such a way, to contribute to the improvement of the scientific knowledge in the domain of fertility and social policies and also to identify important questions for the placing of these subjects in Angola. Taking into account the scarcity of statistical information that allows to evaluate the evolution and the explicative factors of fertility in Angola, a methodology based on diverse techniques of data collection was defined: inquiry by questionnaire applied to one sample of 671 women in procreative age; focus groups with men and women; and in-depth interviews with the decision makers/politicians. The investigation that was developed permitted to conclude that there is a change of procreative behavior between the two generations (of origin and the current one) and that cultural factors as marriage and collective memory contribute to the definition of the number of children in the group of women studied, being this number increasingly influenced by the economic cost of the child. Because of cultural reasons, the resource to familiar planning and contraception is still not important in Angola. The faint modification underway in procreative behaviors is apparently impelled by a will of specific change by the woman and by a bigger conscience toward the value of the children. The social policies developed in the country are neutral in respect to the number of children and have placed focus in the protection and qualification of the woman and in the crystallization of the statute of children while young. The main difficulties encountered in this investigation have been the great diversity of theoretical models on the evolution and clarifying factors of fertility, the prevalence of perspectives based on evolutions and realities of more developed countries and the scarcity of statistical information on Angola.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Sociologia (Sociologia das Políticas Sociais), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2017
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2017