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O futuro energético : o regime de geração de energia elétrica descentralizada com painéis fotovoltaicos em análise comparada - Brasil e Portugal : uma busca por contributos da regulação lusitana ao modelo brasileiro
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O Setor Elétrico tem sido alvo de grandes debates, tendo em vista que, como se sabe, as principias fontes exploradas globalmente são finitas e cada vez mais escassas. Além disso, as fontes de energia fóssil, classificadas como não renováveis, impactam o meio ambiente. Dessa forma, a partir de acordos internacionais, se propõem a transição energética, de modo a solucionar dois problemas: a questão ambiental e a questão econômica. Dentre as medidas sugeridas, há a proposta de alteração do paradigma estrutural dos mercados de energia quanto a forma de produção elétrica. Assim, especialmente a partir da tecnologia fotovoltaica de produção de energia elétrica, nota-se uma tendência global para adotar o regime de geração distribuída em substituição aos modelos centralizados. A partir desse cenário, a presente pesquisa buscou compreender a regulação do setor elétrico no Brasil em comparação com a regulação em Portugal e, assim, identificar como a transição energética está a ser enfrentada, e, se a produção de energia de forma descentralizada está a ser adotada pelas respectivas legislações. Para tanto, analisou-se as hipóteses de autoconsumo, a existência de incentivos ou compromissos estatais com a descentralização e os benefícios acaso se adote o referido modelo.
The electricity sector has been the subject of considerable debate, given that the principal sources of energy currently exploited globally are finite and increasingly scarce. Furthermore, fossil fuels, which are classified as non-renewable, have an impact on the environment. In light of these considerations, international agreements have proposed an energy transition as a means of addressing two interrelated challenges: the environmental issue and the economic issue. Among the proposed solutions is a recommendation to alter the foundational structure of energy markets with regard to the production of electricity. Therefore, there is a global trend to replace centralised models with distributed generation, particularly with regard to photovoltaic power generation technology. Against this backdrop, this research sought to understand the regulation of the electricity sector in Brazil in comparison with the regulation in Portugal and thus identify how the energy transition is being tackled and whether decentralised energy production is being adopted by the respective legislations. To this end, the hypotheses of self-consumption, the existence of state incentives or commitments to decentralisation and the benefits of adopting this model were analysed.
The electricity sector has been the subject of considerable debate, given that the principal sources of energy currently exploited globally are finite and increasingly scarce. Furthermore, fossil fuels, which are classified as non-renewable, have an impact on the environment. In light of these considerations, international agreements have proposed an energy transition as a means of addressing two interrelated challenges: the environmental issue and the economic issue. Among the proposed solutions is a recommendation to alter the foundational structure of energy markets with regard to the production of electricity. Therefore, there is a global trend to replace centralised models with distributed generation, particularly with regard to photovoltaic power generation technology. Against this backdrop, this research sought to understand the regulation of the electricity sector in Brazil in comparison with the regulation in Portugal and thus identify how the energy transition is being tackled and whether decentralised energy production is being adopted by the respective legislations. To this end, the hypotheses of self-consumption, the existence of state incentives or commitments to decentralisation and the benefits of adopting this model were analysed.
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Transição energética Energia elétrica Concorrência Regulação Análise comparativa Teses de mestrado - 2025 Energy transition Electricity sector Competition Regulation Comparative analysis