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A tomada de decisão em situações "in extremis" no contexto profissional das Forças Armadas e Forças de Segurança
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Resumo(s)
Existem momentos em que, decidir, comporta riscos para os intervenientes. Nas
Forças Armadas, a decisão é inerente ao exercício de comando (Publicação Doutrinária
do Exército 5-00, 2007). No entanto, existe uma lacuna na investigação dos processos
idiossincráticos e emocionais presentes na decisão, com destaque para as que acarretam
risco de vida para os envolvidos (Dixon D., Weeks, & Perelli, 2016).
Tal como na psicoterapia, as questões subjetivas e a emocionalidade do terapeuta
influenciam o resultado da terapia (Muran & Eubanks, 2020), também na tomada de
decisão estas componentes devem ser tidas em conta no processo de decisão.
Assim, tivemos como questão central: Quais os fatores, extrínsecos e intrínsecos,
que mais contribuem para a tomada de decisão numa situação In Extremis?
O presente estudo procurou analisar e ilustrar os processos internos no momento
da tomada de decisão In Extremis com base em operações militares e na simulação do
processo de decisão perante cenário hipotético.
Realizámos uma análise qualitativa de dados, a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e
da aplicação de questionários aos militares das Forças Armadas e das Forças de Segurança
que já comandaram.
Nos questionários, para recolher as contribuições dos participantes, de modo a
analisar os resultados, os participantes poderiam escolher um dos cenários ou relatar uma
situação real respondendo às questões de acordo com a sua escolha.
Demonstrou-se a importância da auto-eficácia e da regulação emocional na
tomada de decisão, a experiência e o treino como fatores determinantes para o
desempenho numa situação In Extremis, salientando-se a importância dos fatores
psicológicos que afetam a tomada de decisão e a necessidade de treino e de
acompanhamento após estas situações, definidas por Gardner, Avolio e Walumba (2005)
como situações onde as decisões são tomadas sob intensa pressão e risco de vida para os
intervenientes.
Taking a decision entails risks for all participants. In the Armed Forces, decision is inherent to the exercise of command (Publicação Doutrinária do Exército 5-00, 2007). However, there is a gap in the investigation of the idiosyncratic and emotional processes present in decision making, with emphasis on decisions that pose a risk to the life of all that are involved (Dixon, D. et al., 2016). As in psychotherapy, subjective issues and emotionality of the therapist influence the outcome of therapy (Muran & Eubanks, 2020), also in In Extremis decision making, these components must be considered in the decision process. Thus, we had as a central question: What are the factors, extrinsic and intrinsic, that most contribute to decision making in an In Extremis situation? This study sought to analyze and illustrate the internal processes present at the time of In Extremis decision-making based on real military operations and on the simulation of the decision process in a hypothetical scenario. We carried out a qualitative data analysis, based on bibliographical research and the application of questionnaires to the military of the Armed Forces and Security Forces who had commanded. A questionnaire designed to collect participants' contributions was used to analyze the results and the participants could choose one of the scenarios or report a real situation and answer according to their choice. Results show the importance of self-efficacy and emotional regulation on decision making, and experience and training as determining factors in a situation where life is in peril. The importance of psychological factors that affect decision-making and the need for training and monitoring after In Extremis situations was highlighted, as defined by Gardner et al. (2005), In Extremis are situations where decisions are made under severe pressure and risk to the life of those who are involved.
Taking a decision entails risks for all participants. In the Armed Forces, decision is inherent to the exercise of command (Publicação Doutrinária do Exército 5-00, 2007). However, there is a gap in the investigation of the idiosyncratic and emotional processes present in decision making, with emphasis on decisions that pose a risk to the life of all that are involved (Dixon, D. et al., 2016). As in psychotherapy, subjective issues and emotionality of the therapist influence the outcome of therapy (Muran & Eubanks, 2020), also in In Extremis decision making, these components must be considered in the decision process. Thus, we had as a central question: What are the factors, extrinsic and intrinsic, that most contribute to decision making in an In Extremis situation? This study sought to analyze and illustrate the internal processes present at the time of In Extremis decision-making based on real military operations and on the simulation of the decision process in a hypothetical scenario. We carried out a qualitative data analysis, based on bibliographical research and the application of questionnaires to the military of the Armed Forces and Security Forces who had commanded. A questionnaire designed to collect participants' contributions was used to analyze the results and the participants could choose one of the scenarios or report a real situation and answer according to their choice. Results show the importance of self-efficacy and emotional regulation on decision making, and experience and training as determining factors in a situation where life is in peril. The importance of psychological factors that affect decision-making and the need for training and monitoring after In Extremis situations was highlighted, as defined by Gardner et al. (2005), In Extremis are situations where decisions are made under severe pressure and risk to the life of those who are involved.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicoterapia Cognitivo-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2021
Palavras-chave
Tomada de decisão Regulação Emoções Auto-eficácia Stress ocupacional Militares Dissertações de mestrado - 2021