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Autoconsumo de eletricidade solar em edifícios residenciais
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Esta dissertação foca-se no autoconsumo doméstico à luz do novo Decreto-lei n.º 153/2014 de 20 de outubro de 2014 que regula as políticas de autoconsumo em Portugal.
O mesmo Decreto-Lei expõe que a potência instalada do módulo fotovoltaico deverá ser encontro às necessidades de consumo da habitação em causa. No entanto, necessidades de consumo essas, que são variáveis ao longo do dia, o que resultam num excedente de produção acentuado, caso não se subdimensione a instalação. Nesse sentido, para uma habitação em particular, analisa-se com base no presente Decreto-Lei, qual a potência a instalar de acordo as necessidades efetivas de consumo da habitação e posteriormente apresenta-se duas potenciais soluções. Ambas com o intuito de potenciar o autoconsumo da energia gerada pelo módulo de forma evitar o excedente produzido.
A primeira incide sobre a agregação de habitações de um bairro. A segunda solução incide no acoplamento de uma bateria ao sistema fotovoltaico
De acordo com os resultados, verifica-se que o excedente produzido médio no contexto de autoconsumo agregado é quatro vezes inferior ao excedente produzido em contexto de autoconsumo individual, para a mesma habitação. Verifica-se também que ao acoplar-se uma bateria ao sistema fotovoltaico, autoconsome-se entre 90% a 100% da geração fotovoltaica.
This dissertation focuses on domestic self-consumption according to the new Decree-Law No. 153/2014 from October 20th 2014 regulating self-consumption policies in Portugal, which states that the capacity of the photovoltaic module installed should be according to the consumption needs of the dwelling under consideration. But these consumer’s needs are variable throughout the day ending up in a high produced surplus if there is no sub-dimensioned installation. In this sense, for a particular dwelling, this dissertation analyses based on this Decree-Law, which power should be installed according to the actual needs of dwelling consumption and subsequently presents two potential solutions. Both of them in order to enhance the power generated by the module's own consumption, to avoid producing surplus. The first focuses on the aggregation of houses in a neighbourhood. The second solution focuses on adding a battery to the PV system. According to the results, it appears that the surplus produced in a self-consumption average household context is four times lower than the surplus produced in an individual self-consumption context, for the same dwelling. It also appears that when a battery is added to the PV system, it consumes amongst 90% to 100% of its photovoltaic generation.
This dissertation focuses on domestic self-consumption according to the new Decree-Law No. 153/2014 from October 20th 2014 regulating self-consumption policies in Portugal, which states that the capacity of the photovoltaic module installed should be according to the consumption needs of the dwelling under consideration. But these consumer’s needs are variable throughout the day ending up in a high produced surplus if there is no sub-dimensioned installation. In this sense, for a particular dwelling, this dissertation analyses based on this Decree-Law, which power should be installed according to the actual needs of dwelling consumption and subsequently presents two potential solutions. Both of them in order to enhance the power generated by the module's own consumption, to avoid producing surplus. The first focuses on the aggregation of houses in a neighbourhood. The second solution focuses on adding a battery to the PV system. According to the results, it appears that the surplus produced in a self-consumption average household context is four times lower than the surplus produced in an individual self-consumption context, for the same dwelling. It also appears that when a battery is added to the PV system, it consumes amongst 90% to 100% of its photovoltaic generation.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2015
Palavras-chave
Autoconsumo doméstico Agregação de habitações Acoplamento de uma bateria Teses de mestrado - 2015