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Diabetes Mellitus: a problemática dos factores intrínsecos e extrínsecos na regulação da glicémia
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Resumo(s)
O metabolismo da glicose, principal nutriente dos seres vivos, é regulado
pela acção sincronizada da insulina e do glucagon, secretados pelo pâncreas
endócrino. Na deficiência absoluta ou relativa de insulina, surge uma síndrome
denominada Diabetes mellitus, caracterizada clinicamente por poliúria, polidipsia,
polifagia, perda de peso, hiperglicémia persistente em jejum e glicosúria. Ocorre em
animais de idade avançada e pode ser classificada em função do mecanismo
fisiopatológico (Tipos 1, 2, 3 e Diabetes Gestacional) e da necessidade de
insulinoterapia (Insulino-Dependente e Não Insulino-Dependente). A realização de
curvas de glicémia e a pesquisa de proteínas glicosiladas são auxiliares importantes
na avaliação diagnóstica e monitorização do doente diabético. O tipo de diabetes
determina a escolha do protocolo terapêutico, que pode consistir em fluidoterapia,
insulinoterapia, dieta, fármacos hipoglicemiantes orais e outros. Entre as principais
complicações crónicas da Diabetes incluem-se as cataratas, uveíte induzida pelo
cristalino, neuropatia e nefropatia diabéticas.
Foi desenvolvida uma avaliação clínica baseada na medição da concentração de
glucose sérica em animais diabéticos e não-diabéticos, procurando estabelecer uma
relação entre a glicémia e factores como a presença de Diabetes mellitus ou outras
entidades clínicas, espécie, o sexo, a idade e o aparelho de medição utilizado.
ABSTRACT The metabolism of glucose, main nutrient for living organisms, is regulated thru the synchronized action of insulin and glucagon, secreted by the endocrine pancreas. In a situation of absolute or relative lack of insulin, Diabetes mellitus, a syndrome clinically characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, persistent fasting hyperglycemia and glycosuria, occurs. It affects geriatric animals and can be classified based on the pathophysiologic mechanism (Types 1, 2, 3 or Gestacional Diabetes) and on the need of the patient for insulin therapy (Insulin- Dependent or Non-Insulin-Dependent). Serial blood glucose curves and the measurement of serum glycated proteins are important tools on the diagnostic evaluation and monitoring of the diabetic patient. The type of diabetes determines the choice of an adequate therapeutic plan, which can consist in fluid therapy, insulin therapy, diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs and others. The main chronic complications of Diabetes include cataracts formation, lens-induced uveitis, diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy. A clinical evaluation, based on measurements of serum glucose concentration in diabetic and non-diabetic animals, was developed, in order to establish a relationship between glycemia and factors such as the presence of Diabetes mellitus or other pathologies, species, sex, age and the device used for measurement.
ABSTRACT The metabolism of glucose, main nutrient for living organisms, is regulated thru the synchronized action of insulin and glucagon, secreted by the endocrine pancreas. In a situation of absolute or relative lack of insulin, Diabetes mellitus, a syndrome clinically characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, persistent fasting hyperglycemia and glycosuria, occurs. It affects geriatric animals and can be classified based on the pathophysiologic mechanism (Types 1, 2, 3 or Gestacional Diabetes) and on the need of the patient for insulin therapy (Insulin- Dependent or Non-Insulin-Dependent). Serial blood glucose curves and the measurement of serum glycated proteins are important tools on the diagnostic evaluation and monitoring of the diabetic patient. The type of diabetes determines the choice of an adequate therapeutic plan, which can consist in fluid therapy, insulin therapy, diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs and others. The main chronic complications of Diabetes include cataracts formation, lens-induced uveitis, diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy. A clinical evaluation, based on measurements of serum glucose concentration in diabetic and non-diabetic animals, was developed, in order to establish a relationship between glycemia and factors such as the presence of Diabetes mellitus or other pathologies, species, sex, age and the device used for measurement.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Diabetes Mellitus Glicose Mecanismos de Retroalimentação Cetoacidose diabética Insulinoterapia Glucose Feed-back mechanisms Diabetic Ketoacidosis Insulin therapy
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária