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Riquetsioses do grupo das febres exantemáticas em canídeos domésticos em Portugal: revisão bibliográfica e estudo retrospectivo
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As riquétsias do grupo das febres exantemáticas estão amplamente distribuídas, em focos
endémicos, por várias regiões geográficas do Mundo e são importantes causas de morbilidade
e mortalidade no Homem e nos animais domésticos. Em Portugal, Rickettsia conorii é o
principal agente deste grupo e causa febre botonosa em humanos. Esta foi a única riquétsia
identificada por métodos de biologia molecular em cães portugueses doentes. O vector de R.
conorii no país é o ixodídeo Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Os cães, os principais hospedeiros
deste ixodídeo, podem servir como sentinelas e dar alguma indicação sobre a prevalência da
infecção.
Apesar da elevada seroprevalência desta riquétsia em canídeos, existem poucos estudos que
relacionam a infecção por este agente com doença nestes animais. O mesmo animal pode ser
infectado concomitantemente por vários agentes transmitidos por vectores e muitas vezes os
quadros clínicos das diferentes doenças são inespecíficos e semelhantes. Por isso, deve ser
feito diagnóstico diferencial entre várias patologias e neste âmbito, as técnicas laboratoriais
assumem maior importância que o diagnóstico clínico.
Foi realizado um estudo restrospectivo sobre uma amostra de 91 animais apresentados a
consulta no Hospital Veterinário do Restelo, entre Maio de 2007 e Fevereiro de 2008, com
sintomas suspeitos de doença transmitida por ixodídeos e aos quais foram pesquisados
anticorpos anti-R. conorii. Alguns dos casos clínicos incluídos neste estudo decorreram fora do
período de estágio pelo que houve conhecimento dos mesmos pelo acesso a base de dados do
hospital. A técnica de Imunofluorescência Indirecta (IFI) foi utilizada para pesquisa de
anticorpos contra R. conorii (n=91), E. canis (n=90), L. infantum (n=56) e B. canis (n=26). Na
amostra, a seroprevalência de R. conorii foi de 73%, superior a de qualquer um dos outros
agentes. Foram encontradas possíveis co-infecções de vários agentes em 38 dos 66 animais
que possuiam anticorpos contra a riquétsia em questão. A associação de sinais clínicos com
resultados de IFI positivos para R. conorii foi realizada em seis animais. Foram detectados
vários sinais e sintomas como piréxia, uveíte, petéquias e hematomas, dor de origem
inespecífica, rigidez muscular e esplenomegália. Anemia, trombocitopénia e hipoproteinémia
foram as alterações hematológicas verificadas. Nesta amostra, a maioria dos cães de rua e dos
animais com história de parasitismo por ixodídeos, possuia anticorpos contra agentes
transmitidos por ixodídeos, nomeadamente R. conorii.
ABSTRACT Rickettsia of the Spotted Fever group are widely distributed, in endemic focii, throughout the world and are important causes of morbidity and mortality in man and domestic animals worldwide. In Portugal, Rickettsia conorii is the main organism of this group, causing boutounneuse fever in humans. Also, this was the only rickettsia identified by molecular biology methods in sick portuguese dogs. In Portugal, the arthropod that transmits this rickettsia is the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Dogs, the main hosts of this tick, may serve as sentinels and elucidate about the prevalence of infection. Despite the high prevalence of this rickettsia in these animals, there are few studies that link infection by this agent and clinical signs in canines. The same animal can be infected by several vector-borne agents simultaneously which can cause overllaping and unspecific clinical signs. Therefore, some differential diagnosis should be included and, for this concern, the laboratorial techniques assume an important role to achieve the definitive diagnosis. Between May 2007 and February 2008, several animals were assisted in Hospital Veterinário do Restelo for tick-borne diasease symptoms. Of these, 91 were included in this retrospective study. Some of the animals came to the hospital out of the externship period therefore, knowledge of the cases was taken accessing the hospital data base. An indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFA) was performed to search for antibodies against R. conorii in (n=91), E. canis (n=90), L. infantum (n=56) and B. canis (n=26). In this sample, the R. conorii seroprevalence was 73%, higher than the seroprevalence for the other agents. Possible co-infections were found in 38 of the 66 canines that had antibodies against the rickettsia in question. The association between clinical signs in dogs and positive IFA results for R. conorii was done in 6 animals. In these canines, symptoms such as fever, uveitis, petequial hemorrhages, bruises, unspecific pain, tremors, muscle stiffness and splenomegaly were detected. Anemia, thrombocytopenia and hypoproteinemia were the hematologic changes found. In this sample, the majority of the stray dogs and animals with a history of parasitism by ticks featured antibodies against tick-borne agents, especially R. conorii.
ABSTRACT Rickettsia of the Spotted Fever group are widely distributed, in endemic focii, throughout the world and are important causes of morbidity and mortality in man and domestic animals worldwide. In Portugal, Rickettsia conorii is the main organism of this group, causing boutounneuse fever in humans. Also, this was the only rickettsia identified by molecular biology methods in sick portuguese dogs. In Portugal, the arthropod that transmits this rickettsia is the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Dogs, the main hosts of this tick, may serve as sentinels and elucidate about the prevalence of infection. Despite the high prevalence of this rickettsia in these animals, there are few studies that link infection by this agent and clinical signs in canines. The same animal can be infected by several vector-borne agents simultaneously which can cause overllaping and unspecific clinical signs. Therefore, some differential diagnosis should be included and, for this concern, the laboratorial techniques assume an important role to achieve the definitive diagnosis. Between May 2007 and February 2008, several animals were assisted in Hospital Veterinário do Restelo for tick-borne diasease symptoms. Of these, 91 were included in this retrospective study. Some of the animals came to the hospital out of the externship period therefore, knowledge of the cases was taken accessing the hospital data base. An indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFA) was performed to search for antibodies against R. conorii in (n=91), E. canis (n=90), L. infantum (n=56) and B. canis (n=26). In this sample, the R. conorii seroprevalence was 73%, higher than the seroprevalence for the other agents. Possible co-infections were found in 38 of the 66 canines that had antibodies against the rickettsia in question. The association between clinical signs in dogs and positive IFA results for R. conorii was done in 6 animals. In these canines, symptoms such as fever, uveitis, petequial hemorrhages, bruises, unspecific pain, tremors, muscle stiffness and splenomegaly were detected. Anemia, thrombocytopenia and hypoproteinemia were the hematologic changes found. In this sample, the majority of the stray dogs and animals with a history of parasitism by ticks featured antibodies against tick-borne agents, especially R. conorii.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Rickettsia conorii Rhipicephalus sanguineus IFI Seroprevalência Canídeos Portugal Seroprevalence Canine
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária