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Tabela nacional da funcionalidade, a sua aplicabilidade e a importância para a comunidade e para medicina geral e familiar : estudo observacional numa população da Associação Novamente
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A Tabela Nacional de Funcionalidade (TNF) visa equalizar políticas de saúde, sociais e de emprego, focando-se na funcionalidade de indivíduos com doenças crónicas e incapacidades. O Médico de Família, cuidador primário, tem o papel fundamental de conhecer a condição clínica e funcional dos seus utentes. Isto é particularmente útil para os poder ajudar a lidar com a sua situação com o auxílio de parcerias a instituições a que os utentes possam recorrer e é nesta perspetiva que surge este trabalho. A Associação Novamente (AN) é uma instituição que apoia vítimas de Dano Cerebral Adquirido (DCA) e suas famílias, melhorando a sua qualidade de vida. Este estudo investiga a influência de fatores sociodemográficos na funcionalidade dos associados da AN.
Objetivos: Avaliar a funcionalidade de indivíduos da Associação Novamente e identificar os determinantes de saúde sociodemográficos e clínicos mais associados, como género, idade, grau de escolaridade, situação profissional, estado civil, local de residência, seguimentos por Médico de Família e por outro profissional especializado, tipo de DCA, e tempo desde a ocorrência do DCA.
Métodos: Este estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal consistiu na aplicação de um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e da TNF a associados da AN. Estes dados foram recolhidos em sessões online e por via telefónica, garantindo a privacidade e o anonimato dos participantes. Aplicaram-se metodologias estatísticas uni e bivariadas descritivas (médias, medianas, desvio-padrão, intervalões interquartis para variáveis quantitativas e frequências absolutas e percentagens para qualitativas, coeficientes de correlação de Spearman) e inferenciais (testes de Mann-Whitney e testes exatos de Fisher-Freeman-Halton).
Resultados: A amostra inclui 30 participantes, maioritariamente homens (60,0%) e com idade média de 40,0 ± 10,8 anos. Houve associações estatisticamente significativas entre a situação profissional e os graus de funcionalidade nas competências gerais, mostrando que indivíduos ativos profissionalmente têm níveis de funcionalidade superiores aos inativos. Também se observou que indivíduos com DCA por eventos internos apresentam funcionalidade mais comprometida. Embora outras variáveis não apresentassem resultados estatisticamente significativos, notaram-se tendências, especialmente entre homens, menores de 35 anos, com escolaridade até ao ensino secundário e residentes em áreas rurais, que mostraram maiores dificuldades em várias dimensões da TNF.
Conclusões: Os fatores sociodemográficos influenciam a funcionalidade dos indivíduos com DCA. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade de estratégias personalizadas para a reintegração social e profissional desses pacientes, contribuindo para a melhoria da sua qualidade de vida.
Introduction: The National Functionality Table (TNF) aims to equalize health, social, and employment policies, focusing on the functionality of individuals with chronic illnesses and disabilities. The Family Doctor, as the primary caregiver, plays a crucial role in understanding the clinical and functional conditions of their patients. This is particularly useful for helping patients manage their situation with the support of partnerships with institutions they can turn to, which is the perspective of this work. Associação Novamente (AN) is an institution that supports victims of Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) and their families, improving their quality of life. This study investigates the influence of sociodemographic factors on the functionality of AN's members. Objectives: To evaluate the functionality of individuals associated with Associação Novamente and to identify the sociodemographic and clinical health determinants most associated with it, such as gender, age, educational level, employment status, marital status, place of residence, follow-ups by a Family Doctor and other specialized professionals, type of ABI, and time since the ABI occurrence. Methods: This observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study consisted of administering a questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical data and the TNF to AN members. These data were collected through online sessions and telephone, ensuring participants' privacy and anonymity. Descriptive uni- and bivariate statistical methodologies (means, medians, standard deviations, interquartile ranges for quantitative variables, and absolute frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables, Spearman correlation coefficients) and inferential methodologies (Mann-Whitney tests and Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact tests) were applied. Results: The sample included 30 participants, mostly men (60.0%) with an average age of 40.0 ± 10.8 years. There were statistically significant associations between employment status and levels of functionality in general competencies, showing that professionally active individuals have higher functionality levels than inactive ones. It was also observed that individuals with ABI due to internal events have more compromised functionality. Although other variables did not show statistically significant results, trends were noted, especially among men, those under 35 years old, with up to secondary education, and residing in rural areas, who showed greater difficulties in various TNF dimensions. Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors influence the functionality of individuals with ABI. These findings reinforce the need for personalized strategies for the social and professional reintegration of these patients, contributing to the improvement of their quality of life.
Introduction: The National Functionality Table (TNF) aims to equalize health, social, and employment policies, focusing on the functionality of individuals with chronic illnesses and disabilities. The Family Doctor, as the primary caregiver, plays a crucial role in understanding the clinical and functional conditions of their patients. This is particularly useful for helping patients manage their situation with the support of partnerships with institutions they can turn to, which is the perspective of this work. Associação Novamente (AN) is an institution that supports victims of Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) and their families, improving their quality of life. This study investigates the influence of sociodemographic factors on the functionality of AN's members. Objectives: To evaluate the functionality of individuals associated with Associação Novamente and to identify the sociodemographic and clinical health determinants most associated with it, such as gender, age, educational level, employment status, marital status, place of residence, follow-ups by a Family Doctor and other specialized professionals, type of ABI, and time since the ABI occurrence. Methods: This observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study consisted of administering a questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical data and the TNF to AN members. These data were collected through online sessions and telephone, ensuring participants' privacy and anonymity. Descriptive uni- and bivariate statistical methodologies (means, medians, standard deviations, interquartile ranges for quantitative variables, and absolute frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables, Spearman correlation coefficients) and inferential methodologies (Mann-Whitney tests and Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact tests) were applied. Results: The sample included 30 participants, mostly men (60.0%) with an average age of 40.0 ± 10.8 years. There were statistically significant associations between employment status and levels of functionality in general competencies, showing that professionally active individuals have higher functionality levels than inactive ones. It was also observed that individuals with ABI due to internal events have more compromised functionality. Although other variables did not show statistically significant results, trends were noted, especially among men, those under 35 years old, with up to secondary education, and residing in rural areas, who showed greater difficulties in various TNF dimensions. Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors influence the functionality of individuals with ABI. These findings reinforce the need for personalized strategies for the social and professional reintegration of these patients, contributing to the improvement of their quality of life.
Description
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2024
Keywords
Cuidados de saúde primários Determinantes em saúde Tabela nacional de funcionalidade (TNF) Associação Novamente Dano cerebral adquirido