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Reabilitação energética da indústria cimenteira portuguesa
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A indústria cimenteira é um dos sectores mais intensivos em energia da economia Portuguesa. E também um sector intensivo em capital, dados os custos elevados com a energia e o facto de exigir grandes investimentos na construção das instalações e na aquisição e manutenção do
equipamento básico. Actualmente, os principais impactes ambientais associados à produção de cimento são a exploração das pedreiras e as emissões de poluentes atmosféricos e de gases com efeito de estufa.
O presente trabalho analisa a indústria cimenteira nacional, inserindo-a num contexto global, no que respeita à produção, consumo de energia e impactes ambientais. São caracterizadas as melhores tecnologias disponíveis actualmente para a produção de cimento e identificadas as
áreas de actual investigação e desenvolvimento (I&D).
Seleccionou-se a cimenteira da Secil no Outão como caso-estudo, para a qual se caracteriza a situação actual e se estuda a implementação de novas tecnologias e medidas para melhorar a eficiência energética. Para cada tecnologia e medida energeticamente eficientes são calculados
os custos de investimento e de operação, as poupanças energéticas e o efeito nas emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Como medidas e tecnologias principais a implementar com vista ao aumento da eficiência energética foram seleccionadas a introdução de pré-calcinador e
arrefecedor de grades no sistema de queima, e a utilização de prensas de rolos para a moagem de clínquer. Para diminuir os impactes ambientais resultantes das emissões de CO2 e de óxidos de azoto (NOx) sugere-se o aumento da produção de cimentos compostos e a implementação da
redução não-catalítica selectiva, respectivamente.
The cement industry is one of the most energy-intensive sectors in the Portuguese economy. It is also a capital-intensive sector, given the energy high costs and the fact of demanding big investments in the plant construction and basic equipment acquisition and maintenance. Currently, the main environmental impacts associated with cement production are the quarry exploration and the emissions of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. The present study analyses the national cement industry, inserting it in a global context, in what concerns production, energy consumption and environmental impacts. The best available technologies for cement production are characterized and the main areas of research and development (R&D) are identified. The SeciPs cement plant at Outão was selected as case study. The plant current situation is characterized and the implementation of new technologies and measures to increase energy efficiency are studied. The investment and operation costs, the energy savings and the effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are calculated for each energy-efficient technology and measure. As main measures and technologies to implement for obtaining increased energy efficiency, the introduction of a pre-calcinator and grate cooler were selected for the buming system, and the roller presses were selected for cement grinding. To decrease the environmental impacts of releasing CO2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx), it is suggested the increase of blended cements production and the implementation of selective non-catalytic reduction, respectively.
The cement industry is one of the most energy-intensive sectors in the Portuguese economy. It is also a capital-intensive sector, given the energy high costs and the fact of demanding big investments in the plant construction and basic equipment acquisition and maintenance. Currently, the main environmental impacts associated with cement production are the quarry exploration and the emissions of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. The present study analyses the national cement industry, inserting it in a global context, in what concerns production, energy consumption and environmental impacts. The best available technologies for cement production are characterized and the main areas of research and development (R&D) are identified. The SeciPs cement plant at Outão was selected as case study. The plant current situation is characterized and the implementation of new technologies and measures to increase energy efficiency are studied. The investment and operation costs, the energy savings and the effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are calculated for each energy-efficient technology and measure. As main measures and technologies to implement for obtaining increased energy efficiency, the introduction of a pre-calcinator and grate cooler were selected for the buming system, and the roller presses were selected for cement grinding. To decrease the environmental impacts of releasing CO2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx), it is suggested the increase of blended cements production and the implementation of selective non-catalytic reduction, respectively.
Descrição
Mestrado em Economia e Política da Energia e do Ambiente.
Palavras-chave
indústria cimenteira clínquer energia melhores tecnologias disponíveis dióxido de carbono cement industry clinker, energy best available technologies carbon dioxide
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Martins, Helena Margarida (2002). " Reabilitação energética da indústria cimenteira portuguesa". Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
ISEG