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China and Global Governance under Xi Jinping Problematizing China’s Leadership through the Belt and Road Initiative
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O atual sistema internacional, no qual a China ascende sem precedente em termos
económicos, é altamente institucionalizado, fragmentado e específico em áreas de assunto, e
encontra-se predominado pelos Estados Unidos e os seus aliados. Neste contexto, Pequim
está a perseguir maior pro-atividade na global governance, crescentemente acompanhado de
narrativas assertivas e uma abordagem mais pragmática que contrastam com as das
presidências anteriores. Enquanto política externa primordial do Presidente Xi Jinping, a
Iniciativa Faixa e Rota (abreviada como a BRI, sigla em inglês) tem como objetivo promover
a conectividade de infra-estrutura, a liberalização do comércio, bem como a integração
financeira na dimensão global. Neste contexto, recorrendo às teorias principais de Relações
Internacionais, a presente dissertação visa analisar a eficácia da BRI em cumprir o desejo de
Pequim ascender à liderança da global governance.
Segundo o paradigma neo-realista, dada a natureza revisionista da ascensão da China num
sistema internacional estabelecido sob a influência pervasiva dos E.U.A, argumenta-se que
as instituições recém-criadas em apoio da BRI, juntamente com as normas e práticas
inovadoras, vêm, em geral, a exercer efeitos de desconcentração e deslegitimação sobre
algumas das disposições internacionais centradas no Ocidente, uma etapa necessária antes
que os poderes dominantes ascendentes assumam a liderança global. Através do prisma
neoliberal, a complementaridade da BRI com compromissos internacionais fomenta o papel
da China como um poder responsável, e confere-lhe mais alavanca face a um Washington
mais introspectivo. Da perspetiva dos países destinatários, o apoio primariamente oriundo
das elites dos Estados relacionados com a BRI tem galvanizado este projeto e alargado a
adesão, ao passo que a resistência do grande público ensombra as prospectivas do mesmo,
conforme a doutrina realista neoclássica. Conclui-se, assim, que a BRI se apresenta como um
instrumento eficaz para Pequim na sua longa busca da liderança na global governance, mas
esforços adicionais serão essenciais para ultrapassar os desafios e riscos associados
The current international system in which China is rising unprecedentedly in economic terms is highly-institutionalized, fragmented, issue-area specific, and is predominated by the US and its allies. In this context, Beijing is pursuing increased proactivity in global governance, with more assertive narratives and a more pragmatic and dualistic approach compared with the preceding presidencies. As an overarching foreign policy under President Xi Jinping, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) primarily aims to improve infrastructure connectivity, trade liberalization, and financial integration in the global dimension. This dissertation seeks to analyze the BRI’s effectiveness in fulfilling Beijing’s desire of global governance leadership by resorting to principal International Relations theories. Drawing upon neorealist paradigm, due to the revisionist nature of China’s ascendance in an established international system under pervasive US influence, it is argued that the newlyestablished institutions in support of the BRI, together with innovative norms and practices, by and large cast de-concentrating and de-legitimating effects on some of the Westerncentered global governance arrangements, a necessary stage before rising dominant powers actually come to assume global leadership. Through the neoliberal prism, the complementarity of the BRI with international commitments foments China’s role as a responsible power, and confers it greater leverage in the evolving global governance pattern against the backdrop of a more inward-looking Washington. From a recipient perspective, endorsements from elites of BRI-related states have generally emboldened the BRI and enlarged its membership, while resistance derived from the general public overshadows the future prospects of the project, pursuant to the neoclassical realist doctrine. It is therefore concluded that overall the BRI has been by now an effective instrument in Beijing’s long quest for leadership in global governance, but additional efforts are needed to tackle associated challenges and risks.
The current international system in which China is rising unprecedentedly in economic terms is highly-institutionalized, fragmented, issue-area specific, and is predominated by the US and its allies. In this context, Beijing is pursuing increased proactivity in global governance, with more assertive narratives and a more pragmatic and dualistic approach compared with the preceding presidencies. As an overarching foreign policy under President Xi Jinping, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) primarily aims to improve infrastructure connectivity, trade liberalization, and financial integration in the global dimension. This dissertation seeks to analyze the BRI’s effectiveness in fulfilling Beijing’s desire of global governance leadership by resorting to principal International Relations theories. Drawing upon neorealist paradigm, due to the revisionist nature of China’s ascendance in an established international system under pervasive US influence, it is argued that the newlyestablished institutions in support of the BRI, together with innovative norms and practices, by and large cast de-concentrating and de-legitimating effects on some of the Westerncentered global governance arrangements, a necessary stage before rising dominant powers actually come to assume global leadership. Through the neoliberal prism, the complementarity of the BRI with international commitments foments China’s role as a responsible power, and confers it greater leverage in the evolving global governance pattern against the backdrop of a more inward-looking Washington. From a recipient perspective, endorsements from elites of BRI-related states have generally emboldened the BRI and enlarged its membership, while resistance derived from the general public overshadows the future prospects of the project, pursuant to the neoclassical realist doctrine. It is therefore concluded that overall the BRI has been by now an effective instrument in Beijing’s long quest for leadership in global governance, but additional efforts are needed to tackle associated challenges and risks.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais
Palavras-chave
Global governance China Iniciativa faixa e rota Sistema internacional Organizações internacionais Liderança Global Governance China Belt and Road Initiative International System International Organizations Leadership
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas