A carregar...
Publicação
Prevenção da encefalite da febre da carraça nos militares das Força Armadas Portuguesas
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A Encefalite da Febre da Carraça (EFC) é uma zoonose provocada por Vírus da Encefalite da Febre da Carraça (VEFC). VEFC pertence à família Flaviviridae e ao género Flavivirus. É transmitido ao Homem, pela picada da carraça e, em casos raros, pelo consumo de produtos não pasteurizados. A doença tem três subtipos: o siberiano, o extremo oriente e o europeu. O último é transmitido pelo Ixodes ricinus, sobretudo na Europa de Leste. Na UE/EEE, em 2020, foram reportados 3734 casos, correspondente a uma taxa de notificação de 0,9 casos por 100000 habitantes. Portugal nunca reportou qualquer caso. EFC é uma doença sazonal, 95% dos casos ocorrem entre maio e novembro e desenvolve-se, maioritariamente, em duas fases. Na primeira, o doente apresenta uma síndrome gripal e cerca de 85% dos casos limitam-se a esta fase. Os restantes, evoluem para quadros neurológicos desde meningite ligeira, até meningoencefalomielite. As lesões sequelares são frequentes (10%) e a taxa de letalidade situa-se entre 0,5 e 2%. A EFC não tem tratamento aprovado e o seu combate é feito através da prevenção com recurso à vacinação e a medidas de proteção individual. As vacinas testadas apresentam elevada eficácia e estão recomendadas a todos os que residam em zonas endémicas ou viajem para as mesmas, desde que, tenham exposição rural nos meses de transmissão. Os militares são um grupo em especial risco de infeção por VEFC pelo tipo de atividade que desempenham. Em Portugal, o CEIP acompanha os militares na fase de aprontamento, sendo responsável pelo aconselhamento sobre medidas de proteção individual e vacinação. Em 2022, administraram-se 2253 doses de vacinas contra VEFC a militares. Neste trabalho analisase e discute-se a estratégia vacinal adotada pelo CEIP e são propostas alternativas, nomeadamente, a adoção do calendário vacinal rápido e de uma estratégia de vacinação de grupos de risco.
Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonosis caused by the Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV). TBEV belongs to the Flaviviridae family and the Flavivirus genus. It is transmitted to humans through tick bites and, in rare cases, through consumption of unpasteurized products. The disease has three subtypes: Siberian, Far Eastern, and European. The last one is transmitted by Ixodes ricinus, mainly in eastern Europe. In Europe, in 2020, 3734 cases were reported, which corresponds to a notification rate of 0,9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Portugal has never reported any cases. TBE is a seasonal disease, with 95% of cases occurring between May and November and it mostly develops in two phases. In the first phase, the patient presents a flu-like illness and about 85% of cases are limited to this phase. The remaining patients progress to neurological conditions ranging from mild meningitis to meningoencephalomyelitis frequent Sequelary injuries (10%) and a fatality rate between 0,5 and 2%. There is no approved treatment for EFC and the only way to counteract this disease is through prevention using vaccination and individual protection measures. The tested vaccines are highly effective and are recommended individuals living in endemic regions or those traveling to endemic areas experiencing rural exposure in the months of transmission. The militaries are a group at particular risk of TBEV infection due to the type of activity they perform. In Portugal, the CEIP accompanies the military before misson deployment, being responsible for advising on individual protection measures and vaccination. A total of 2253 doses of vaccines against VEFC were administered in 2022. This work analyzes and discusses the vaccination strategy adopted by CEIP and proposes alternatives, namely, the adoption of a rapid vaccination schedule and a strategy based on vaccinating risk groups.
Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonosis caused by the Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV). TBEV belongs to the Flaviviridae family and the Flavivirus genus. It is transmitted to humans through tick bites and, in rare cases, through consumption of unpasteurized products. The disease has three subtypes: Siberian, Far Eastern, and European. The last one is transmitted by Ixodes ricinus, mainly in eastern Europe. In Europe, in 2020, 3734 cases were reported, which corresponds to a notification rate of 0,9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Portugal has never reported any cases. TBE is a seasonal disease, with 95% of cases occurring between May and November and it mostly develops in two phases. In the first phase, the patient presents a flu-like illness and about 85% of cases are limited to this phase. The remaining patients progress to neurological conditions ranging from mild meningitis to meningoencephalomyelitis frequent Sequelary injuries (10%) and a fatality rate between 0,5 and 2%. There is no approved treatment for EFC and the only way to counteract this disease is through prevention using vaccination and individual protection measures. The tested vaccines are highly effective and are recommended individuals living in endemic regions or those traveling to endemic areas experiencing rural exposure in the months of transmission. The militaries are a group at particular risk of TBEV infection due to the type of activity they perform. In Portugal, the CEIP accompanies the military before misson deployment, being responsible for advising on individual protection measures and vaccination. A total of 2253 doses of vaccines against VEFC were administered in 2022. This work analyzes and discusses the vaccination strategy adopted by CEIP and proposes alternatives, namely, the adoption of a rapid vaccination schedule and a strategy based on vaccinating risk groups.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023
Palavras-chave
Carraça Prevenção Vacinação Estratégia vacinal Doenças transmissíveis