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Mutações constitucionais : história e dogmática à luz da teoria estruturante do direito
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Esta dissertação objetiva expor as mudanças informais na Constituição conhecidas como mutações constitucionais, primeiro apresentando as suas construções históricas e depois, à luz da teoria estruturante do direi-to, fixando certos parâmetros dogmáticos para o seu estudo. Ao contrário do que ocorre com as mudanças formais (reforma e revisão constitucio-nal), as mudanças informais não estão previstas na Constituição. Mas elas ocorrem e são necessárias como meio de preservação e conserva-ção da própria Constituição, na medida em que visam ao seu aperfeiçoa-mento. Isso acontece porque as normas constitucionais não podem ser consideradas perfeitas e acabadas, estando em uma constante situação de interação com a realidade circundante. A hipótese aqui proposta é que as mutações constitucionais ocorrem no interior da própria norma jurídica, mas dentro de certos limites impostos pelo sistema jurídico. Nesse con-texto, é preciso compreender que a norma constitucional não se confunde com o texto da Constituição, mas é o resultado de um processo de con-cretização metodologicamente estruturado. De acordo com a teoria estru-turante do direito, de Friedrich Müller, as normas resultam da conjugação do programa normativo, isto é, da sua expressão literal, com o âmbito normativo, vale dizer, a realidade circundante. Do somatório desses dois elementos resulta a norma de decisão, aplicável aos casos concretos. Com base nessa proposta teórica, a mutação constitucional passa a ser compreendida como a mudança que ocorre no âmbito normativo e que é comportada pelos limites dados pelo programa normativo no processo de concretização.
This dissertation aims to introduce informal changes in the Constitution known as constitutional mutations, first presenting its history and then, in light of the law’s structuring theory, stipulating certain dogmatic parame-ters for their study. In opposition to what occurs with the formal changes (constitutional amendments), informal changes are not in the Constitution. Nevertheless, they occur and are necessary as a means of preserving and conserving the Constitution itself, once it aims for its improvement. This is because the constitutional rules can not be considered perfect and fin-ished, being in a constant state of mutual interaction with the surrounding reality. The proposed hypothesis here is that constitutional mutations must occur within the rule of law itself and within certain limits imposed by the legal system. In this context, one must understand that the constitutional norms does not confuse with the text of the Constitution, but is the result of a methodologically structured process of concretion. According to the Friedrich Müller’s law’s structuring theory, the rules are the result from the combination of normative program, namely its literal expression, with the normative ambit, in other words, the surrounding reality. The sum of these two components form the standard of decision applicable to concrete cas-es. Based on this methodological approach, the constitutional mutation shall be understood as a change that occurs in the normative ambit and is authorized by the limits given by the normative program, inside and during the concretion process.
This dissertation aims to introduce informal changes in the Constitution known as constitutional mutations, first presenting its history and then, in light of the law’s structuring theory, stipulating certain dogmatic parame-ters for their study. In opposition to what occurs with the formal changes (constitutional amendments), informal changes are not in the Constitution. Nevertheless, they occur and are necessary as a means of preserving and conserving the Constitution itself, once it aims for its improvement. This is because the constitutional rules can not be considered perfect and fin-ished, being in a constant state of mutual interaction with the surrounding reality. The proposed hypothesis here is that constitutional mutations must occur within the rule of law itself and within certain limits imposed by the legal system. In this context, one must understand that the constitutional norms does not confuse with the text of the Constitution, but is the result of a methodologically structured process of concretion. According to the Friedrich Müller’s law’s structuring theory, the rules are the result from the combination of normative program, namely its literal expression, with the normative ambit, in other words, the surrounding reality. The sum of these two components form the standard of decision applicable to concrete cas-es. Based on this methodological approach, the constitutional mutation shall be understood as a change that occurs in the normative ambit and is authorized by the limits given by the normative program, inside and during the concretion process.
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Direito constitucional Mutação constitucional Interpretação constitucional Teses de mestrado - 2015