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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
É objetivo central desta tese aprofundar e alargar o conhecimento histórico sobre a
realidade da Educação de Infância na cidade de Bragança. Pretende contribuir para a
preservação da memória e do património educacional regional, através da valorização
da Educação histórica na sociedade atual. Trata-se de uma investigação que procura dar
resposta a uma lacuna existente: a falta de dados e conhecimentos sobre a vida
educativa das crianças dos 3 aos 6 anos e das várias instituições de Educação de
Infância que funcionaram, num período que se estende de 1934 – data do encerramento
da primeira Escola Infantil oficial na cidade de Bragança – até a 1986, ano em que se
publica a Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo e se começa a sistematizar a Educação de
Infância em Portugal.
Efetuou-se um trabalho sistemático de recolha e tratamento de dados em séries
documentais existentes em vários arquivos. Estes núcleos de fontes primárias
circunscrevem-se quase na totalidade à cidade de Bragança, embora não se tenha
descurado também a consulta noutras regiões por necessidade de cruzamento da
informação.
A problemática abordada neste estudo enquadra-se no âmbito da História da
Educação de Infância em Portugal, numa perspetiva pedagógica geral, em que se
recenseiam as principais teses, e no distrito de Bragança em particular, operação esta
que se crê fundamental para a compreensão da formação de Educadores de Infância e
Professores. O paradigma de investigação que sustenta a tese integra-se numa perspetiva
hermenêutica, utilizando metodologias de interpretação qualitativa e multidimensional
dos problemas equacionados, assentando num forte trabalho de heurística e análise
documental.
Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a sociedade de Bragança se
conseguiu organizar, abrindo diversas instituições de Educação de Infância, apesar da
ideia contrária do Estado Novo à generalização deste tipo de ensino. É ainda de referir
que o seu processo de criação se deveu maioritariamente à iniciativa privada, de cariz
educativo mas com forte prevalência assistencial, onde a Igreja desempenhou um papel
basilar.
This thesis aims primarily at developing and extending the historical knowledge on the reality of early childhood education in the town of Bragança. It is intended to contribute to preserve local educational heritage and memory, by treasuring historical education in current society. This research intends to fulfil an existent gap: the lack of data and knowledge about the education of 3 to 6 year-old children. The answer is given by means of a study on the several kindergartens that were active from 1934 – when the first official kindergarten in Bragança closed down– until 1986, when the first Framework Law on Education was published and the network of kindergartens started to expand in Portugal. The collection and systematic processing of data has been carried out on existing documentary series in several archives. These centres of primary sources are most of them limited to Bragança, even though research in other regions hasn’t been neglected for cross checking data. Focusing on a general pedagogical viewpoint, the problem raised here falls within the history of early childhood education in Portugal, where the main theses are recorded, and in the municipality of Bragança in particular. This research is believed to be crucial to understand kindergarten teachers and other teachers’ training. The thesis research paradigm is part of a hermeneutic standpoint that comprises qualitative and multidimensional interpretation methodologies and an extensive heuristic work and documentary analysis. Results show that the society of Bragança has managed to organise itself, by opening several kindergartens, despite the opposition of the Estado Novo (New State) to the expansion of this type of teaching. Kindergartens’ creation process was mainly due to private initiative, strongly upholding an educational and supportive framework, guided also by the key role of the Church.
This thesis aims primarily at developing and extending the historical knowledge on the reality of early childhood education in the town of Bragança. It is intended to contribute to preserve local educational heritage and memory, by treasuring historical education in current society. This research intends to fulfil an existent gap: the lack of data and knowledge about the education of 3 to 6 year-old children. The answer is given by means of a study on the several kindergartens that were active from 1934 – when the first official kindergarten in Bragança closed down– until 1986, when the first Framework Law on Education was published and the network of kindergartens started to expand in Portugal. The collection and systematic processing of data has been carried out on existing documentary series in several archives. These centres of primary sources are most of them limited to Bragança, even though research in other regions hasn’t been neglected for cross checking data. Focusing on a general pedagogical viewpoint, the problem raised here falls within the history of early childhood education in Portugal, where the main theses are recorded, and in the municipality of Bragança in particular. This research is believed to be crucial to understand kindergarten teachers and other teachers’ training. The thesis research paradigm is part of a hermeneutic standpoint that comprises qualitative and multidimensional interpretation methodologies and an extensive heuristic work and documentary analysis. Results show that the society of Bragança has managed to organise itself, by opening several kindergartens, despite the opposition of the Estado Novo (New State) to the expansion of this type of teaching. Kindergartens’ creation process was mainly due to private initiative, strongly upholding an educational and supportive framework, guided also by the key role of the Church.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Educação (História da Educação), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2014
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2014
