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Vinculação e stress parental na adoção: perspectivas materna e paterna
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O presente estudo foca a perceção da vinculação da criança e o stress parental na adoção, considerando as perspetivas paterna e materna, e integra, como grupo de comparação, pais e mães biológicos. Tem como objetivos: (1) analisar a perceção da vinculação da criança e o stress parental em função do grupo (Adoção/Biológico) e da figura parental (Pai/Mãe), (2) analisar a relação entre as duas dimensões, e (3) explorar a sua relação com variáveis da adoção. Participaram no estudo 200 indivíduos, 103 no Grupo Adoção (40 pais e 63 mães) e 97 no Grupo Biológico (34 pais e 63 mães), tendo as crianças-alvo, em ambos os grupos, idades compreendidas entre os 6 e os 12 anos. Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos: O Inventário da Vinculação para a Infância e a Adolescência (IVIA) e a versão reduzida do Índice de Stress Parental (ISP-VR); utilizou-se, também, um Questionário para recolha de informação sociodemográfica e referente à adoção. Os resultados indicaram que o grupo Adoção, comparativamente com o Biológico, refere níveis mais elevados de vinculação Ansiosa-Ambivalente e de vinculação Evitante, e mais stress parental associado com características da criança (Criança Difícil) e da interação (Interação Disfuncional Mãe/Pai-Criança). Não se obtiveram diferenças entre mães e pais para qualquer das dimensões. A vinculação segura associou-se com níveis mais baixos de stress parental enquanto a vinculação insegura (Ansiosa-Ambivalente e Evitante) se associou com níveis mais elevados. Face às variáveis da adoção, sobressaiu que a criança ser mais velha aquando da chegada à família tende a associar-se com níveis mais baixos de vinculação segura e mais altos de stress parental (subescala Interação Disfuncional). Adicionalmente, o recurso a apoio técnico relacionou-se com níveis mais altos de vinculação insegura e de stress parental (subescalas Criança Difícil e Interação Disfuncional).
The present study focuses on the parental perception of child attachment and parenting stress on adoption, taking both paternal and maternal perspectives into consideration, and includes biological parents as a comparison group. It aims: (1) to analyze the perception of child attachment and parenting stress according to group (Adoptive/Biological) and parent (Father/Mother), (2) to analyze the relationship between these two dimensions, and (3) to explore their relationship with some adoption variables. There were 200 participants in the study, 103 in the Adoptive group (40 fathers and 63 mothers) and 97 in the Biological group (34 fathers and 63 mothers). The target-children were, in both groups, between 6 and 12 years of age. Two instruments were used: the Inventory of Attachment in Childhood and Adolescence and the Portuguese version of Parenting Stress Index - Short-Form. A questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and adoption-related information was also used. Results showed that the Adoptive Group, in comparison with the Biological, referred to higher levels of both Anxious-Ambivalent and Avoidant child attachment as well as more parenting stress associated with the child’s characteristics (Difficult Child) and interaction (Dysfunctional Mother/Father – Child Interaction). No differences between mothers and fathers were found in either of the dimensions. Secure attachment was associated with lower levels of parenting stress while insecure attachment (Anxious-Ambivalent and Avoidant) was associated with higher levels. In terms of adoption-related variables, the child being older upon arrival at the adoptive family tended to be associated with lower secure attachment levels and higher levels of parenting stress (Dysfunctional Interaction subscale). Additionally, seeking out technical support was related to higher levels of both insecure attachment and parenting stress (Difficult Child and Dysfunctional Interaction subscales).
The present study focuses on the parental perception of child attachment and parenting stress on adoption, taking both paternal and maternal perspectives into consideration, and includes biological parents as a comparison group. It aims: (1) to analyze the perception of child attachment and parenting stress according to group (Adoptive/Biological) and parent (Father/Mother), (2) to analyze the relationship between these two dimensions, and (3) to explore their relationship with some adoption variables. There were 200 participants in the study, 103 in the Adoptive group (40 fathers and 63 mothers) and 97 in the Biological group (34 fathers and 63 mothers). The target-children were, in both groups, between 6 and 12 years of age. Two instruments were used: the Inventory of Attachment in Childhood and Adolescence and the Portuguese version of Parenting Stress Index - Short-Form. A questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and adoption-related information was also used. Results showed that the Adoptive Group, in comparison with the Biological, referred to higher levels of both Anxious-Ambivalent and Avoidant child attachment as well as more parenting stress associated with the child’s characteristics (Difficult Child) and interaction (Dysfunctional Mother/Father – Child Interaction). No differences between mothers and fathers were found in either of the dimensions. Secure attachment was associated with lower levels of parenting stress while insecure attachment (Anxious-Ambivalent and Avoidant) was associated with higher levels. In terms of adoption-related variables, the child being older upon arrival at the adoptive family tended to be associated with lower secure attachment levels and higher levels of parenting stress (Dysfunctional Interaction subscale). Additionally, seeking out technical support was related to higher levels of both insecure attachment and parenting stress (Difficult Child and Dysfunctional Interaction subscales).
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde/Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016
Palavras-chave
Vinculação Stress parental Mães Pais Adoção Teses de mestrado - 2016