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O arco e o arqueiro na Grécia Pré-Clássica
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Esta dissertação teve como objetivo estudar o emprego do arco e da flecha na Grécia
durante a Época Pré-clássica, utilizando a obra Ilíada de Homero como fonte. Paralelamente,
uma bibliografia diversa sobre o assunto foi consultada, principalmente aquela que disserta a
respeito do uso desta arma na Antiguidade, e que fornece também estudos de representações
artísticas (como pinturas em vasos), obras literárias e evidências arqueológicas.
Verificou-se que o arco e a flecha passaram por adaptações ao longo dos tempos e, no
contexto de guerra, seu emprego foi se diversificando e sendo aperfeiçoado por diversos povos.
Estas adaptações variaram desde os formatos e materiais de construção, até à sua aplicabilidade
como poderosa arma de combate. Pode-se perceber ainda que a figura do arqueiro era depreciada
na Grécia Clássica; todavia, mesmo a desvalorização desse tipo de guerreiro não diminuiu a sua
importância como elemento determinante em muitos confrontos travados na Época Pré-clássica.
Com o estudo destes elementos buscou-se compreender, também, como esta arma era
empregada tecnicamente e taticamente, e como veio a se revelar um instrumento influente em
diversas situações de guerra: cerco, perseguição, tiro de curto alcance e disparos contra a
cavalaria. Isso mostrou que essa arma foi extremamente útil em diversos momentos da
Antiguidade e que, muitas vezes, teve sua importância obscurecida pela vulgaridade adjetivada
ao arqueiro em comparação com outros guerreiros.
This dissertation has the objective of this study was to analyze the use of bow and arrow in pre-classical Greece period, using to this purpose the Iliad of Homer as a source. Simultaneously, several references to this topic was consulted, especially those studies regarding the use of archery in Antiquity, who also provide information about artistic representations’ (as vase painting), literature, and archeological evidences. Was verified that the bow and arrow passes through changes over the years, and in context of war, their practice differentiates though time, being developed by several folks. These adaptations ranged from bow design and building materials, to their tactical applicability as a powerful weapon of war. We can still realize that even the archer’s character was depreciative in the Classical Greek-period, however, even the devaluation of this warrior was not enough to diminish their importance as a determinant factor in many battles fought in Pre-classical period. With the study of these elements we sought to understand also how this weapon was applied technically and tactically, and how it became to emerge as an important warfare tool, such as siege, pursuit, close-range sniping, and counter cavalry. This showed that this weapon was extremely useful in various moments in Antiquity which, many times, has their importance obscured by the vulgarity nicknamed to the archer in comparison to other warriors.
This dissertation has the objective of this study was to analyze the use of bow and arrow in pre-classical Greece period, using to this purpose the Iliad of Homer as a source. Simultaneously, several references to this topic was consulted, especially those studies regarding the use of archery in Antiquity, who also provide information about artistic representations’ (as vase painting), literature, and archeological evidences. Was verified that the bow and arrow passes through changes over the years, and in context of war, their practice differentiates though time, being developed by several folks. These adaptations ranged from bow design and building materials, to their tactical applicability as a powerful weapon of war. We can still realize that even the archer’s character was depreciative in the Classical Greek-period, however, even the devaluation of this warrior was not enough to diminish their importance as a determinant factor in many battles fought in Pre-classical period. With the study of these elements we sought to understand also how this weapon was applied technically and tactically, and how it became to emerge as an important warfare tool, such as siege, pursuit, close-range sniping, and counter cavalry. This showed that this weapon was extremely useful in various moments in Antiquity which, many times, has their importance obscured by the vulgarity nicknamed to the archer in comparison to other warriors.
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Homero, 08..?-08..? a.C. Ilíada Guerra - Na literatura Arte e ciência militares - Grécia - Antiguidade Arcos - Grécia - Antiguidade Arqueiros - Grécia - Antiguidade Grécia - História militar - Antiguidade Teses de mestrado - 2018