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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A depressão é das doenças psiquiátricas mais comuns a nível mundial. No entanto, a sua gestão não está bem implementada em todos os países e muitos doentes não têm acesso ao tratamento e acompanhamento necessários. Para além disso, também o diagnóstico da depressão é um desafio: não só pela falta de iniciativa dos doentes em procurar ajuda, mas também pelo baixo nível de alerta dos profissionais de saúde para identificar e reconhecer episódios de depressão, pelo estigma social para com os doentes psiquiátricos e ainda pelo reduzido investimento dos sistemas de saúde na área da saúde mental. A dimensão do problema aumenta quando se trata da associação da depressão com outras doenças, em particular as que têm prognósticos reservados e representam experiências avassaladoras para os doentes, como é o caso do cancro. O facto de o mecanismo fisiopatológico da depressão ainda permanecer incerto é um obstáculo ao seu tratamento e, em consequência, existe uma grande diversidade de classes farmacológicas de antidepressivos, com diferentes alvos terapêuticos. Adicionalmente, a variedade de medicamentos e estratégias terapêuticas com aplicação em oncologia, torna ainda mais desafiante a utilização concomitante dos fármacos com indicação em cada uma destas doenças. Por outro lado, tanto a depressão como o cancro são duas patologias que se relacionam, individualmente com a dor. No doente oncológico, a interface entre a depressão e a dor deve ser bem gerida, em prol da sua qualidade de vida e do sucesso terapêutico. Neste contexto, o farmacêutico tem uma vasta possibilidade de intervenção que vai desde o desenho e desenvolvimento de fármacos para a terapêutica tanto da depressão como do cancro; à dispensa dos medicamentos aos doentes ao nível da farmácia comunitária e hospitalar, ao seu aconselhamento e monitorização e a todas as outras etapas do ciclo de vida do medicamento, onde o farmacêutico é essencial: como a produção, distribuição, armazenamento e regulamentação dos medicamentos.
Depression is the most common psychiatric illness worldwide. However, its management is not well implemented in all countries, and many patients do not have access to the necessary treatment and accompaniment. Furthermore, the diagnosis of depression is also a challenge, not only because of the lack of initiative by patients in seeking help but also because of the low level of alertness of health professionals to identify and recognize episodes of depression, because of the stigma about psychiatric illness, and because of the reduced investment by health systems in the area of mental health. The dimension of the problem increases when it comes to the association of depression with other diseases, in particular those that have reserved prognoses and represent overwhelming experiences for patients, such as cancer. The fact that the pathophysiological mechanism of depression remains uncertain is an obstacle to its treatment, and consequently, there is a large diversity of pharmacological classes of antidepressants, with different therapeutic targets. Additionally, the variety of drugs and therapeutic strategies with application in oncology, makes the concomitant use of drugs indicated in each of these diseases even more challenging. On the other hand, both depression and cancer are two pathologies that are related, individually, to pain. In cancer patients, the interface between depression and pain must be well managed, in favor of their quality of life and therapeutic success. In this context, the pharmacist has a vast possibility of intervention, ranging from the design and development of drugs for the treatment of both depression and cancer; dispensing medication to patients at community and hospital pharmacy level, providing advice and monitoring and all other stages of the medication life cycle, where the pharmacist is essential: such as the production, distribution, storage and regulation of medication.
Depression is the most common psychiatric illness worldwide. However, its management is not well implemented in all countries, and many patients do not have access to the necessary treatment and accompaniment. Furthermore, the diagnosis of depression is also a challenge, not only because of the lack of initiative by patients in seeking help but also because of the low level of alertness of health professionals to identify and recognize episodes of depression, because of the stigma about psychiatric illness, and because of the reduced investment by health systems in the area of mental health. The dimension of the problem increases when it comes to the association of depression with other diseases, in particular those that have reserved prognoses and represent overwhelming experiences for patients, such as cancer. The fact that the pathophysiological mechanism of depression remains uncertain is an obstacle to its treatment, and consequently, there is a large diversity of pharmacological classes of antidepressants, with different therapeutic targets. Additionally, the variety of drugs and therapeutic strategies with application in oncology, makes the concomitant use of drugs indicated in each of these diseases even more challenging. On the other hand, both depression and cancer are two pathologies that are related, individually, to pain. In cancer patients, the interface between depression and pain must be well managed, in favor of their quality of life and therapeutic success. In this context, the pharmacist has a vast possibility of intervention, ranging from the design and development of drugs for the treatment of both depression and cancer; dispensing medication to patients at community and hospital pharmacy level, providing advice and monitoring and all other stages of the medication life cycle, where the pharmacist is essential: such as the production, distribution, storage and regulation of medication.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Antidepressivos Cancro Depressão Farmacoterapia Mestrado Integrado - 2023
