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Aplicação de extratos da macroalga Bifurcaria bifurcata em formulações dermatológicas
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Esta dissertação investiga a aplicação tópica de extratos da macroalga Bifurcaria bifurcata, visando desenvolver formulações bioativas para benefícios da saúde da pele. Inicialmente, prepararam-se extratos de glicerol, etanol e etanol:água (80:20) a partir da biomassa seca e pulverizada.
Avaliou-se a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos pelo método FRAP e o conteúdo fenólico total (TPC) pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu. Também se estudou a atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos contra microrganismos do microbioma da pele: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Cutibacterium acnes e Malassezia furfur.
O perfil químico do extrato mais promissor foi analisado por ressonância magnética nuclear de protão (1H RMN) e selecionado para estudar mecanismos de ação, como danos no ADN e efeitos na permeabilidade da membrana bacteriana. Avaliou-se a segurança dos extratos em formulações tópicas testando a toxicidade in vitro em queratinócitos humanos (HaCat) pelo método MTT.
Em concentrações não tóxicas, os extratos foram usados em duas formulações (hidrogel e emulsão O/A), caracterizadas quanto a propriedades organolépticas, pH, tamanho e distribuição das gotículas, parâmetros reológicos e controlo microbiológico. O extrato de glicerol e a fração apolar do extrato hidroetanólico apresentaram a melhor capacidade antioxidante, sendo que este último também demonstrou a melhor atividade antimicrobiana. Este extrato induziu a permeabilidade da membrana bacteriana e provocou danos no ADN, possivelmente devido à alta concentração de terpenos lineares.
Os extratos, em concentrações não citotóxicas, afetaram a preparação das formulações e a distribuição das gotículas, mas não alteraram significativamente as propriedades reológicas, exceto a fração apolar do extrato hidroetanólico. Os extratos não proporcionaram proteção significativa às formulações contra microrganismos, conforme os métodos TAMC (ISO 21149:2017) e TYMC (ISO 16212:2017).
Concluindo, os extratos de B. bifurcata têm potencial em formulações tópicas devido às suas atividades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas, oferecendo alternativas naturais e sustentáveis para produtos cosméticos e farmacêuticos voltados ao cuidado da pele.
This dissertation investigates the topical application of extracts from the brown macroalga Bifurcaria bifurcata, aiming to develop bioactive formulations for skin health benefits. Initially, glycerol, ethanol, and etanol:water (80:20) extracts were prepared from dried and pulverised biomass. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated using the FRAP method, and the total phenolic content (TPC) was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was also studied against skin microbiome microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Cutibacterium acnes, and Malassezia furfur. The chemical profile of the most promising extract was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and selected to study mechanisms of action, such as DNA damage and effects on bacterial membrane permeability. The safety of the extracts in topical formulations was evaluated by testing in vitro toxicity in human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCat) using the MTT method. At non-toxic concentrations, the extracts were used in two formulations (hydrogel and O/W emulsion), characterized for their organoleptic properties, pH, droplet size and distribution, rheological parameters, and microbiological control. The glycerol extract and the apolar fraction of the hydroethanolic extract exhibited the best antioxidant capacity, with the latter also showing the best antimicrobial activity. This extract induced bacterial membrane permeability and caused DNA damage, possibly due to the high concentration of linear terpenes. The extracts, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, affected the preparation of the formulations and droplet distribution but did not significantly alter rheological properties, except for the apolar fraction of the hydroethanolic extract. The extracts did not provide significant protection to the formulations against microorganisms, as assessed by the TAMC (ISO 21149:2017) and TYMC (ISO 16212:2017) methods. In conclusion, B. bifurcata extracts have potential in topical formulations due to their significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, offering natural and sustainable alternatives for cosmetic and pharmaceutical products aimed at skin care.
This dissertation investigates the topical application of extracts from the brown macroalga Bifurcaria bifurcata, aiming to develop bioactive formulations for skin health benefits. Initially, glycerol, ethanol, and etanol:water (80:20) extracts were prepared from dried and pulverised biomass. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated using the FRAP method, and the total phenolic content (TPC) was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was also studied against skin microbiome microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Cutibacterium acnes, and Malassezia furfur. The chemical profile of the most promising extract was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and selected to study mechanisms of action, such as DNA damage and effects on bacterial membrane permeability. The safety of the extracts in topical formulations was evaluated by testing in vitro toxicity in human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCat) using the MTT method. At non-toxic concentrations, the extracts were used in two formulations (hydrogel and O/W emulsion), characterized for their organoleptic properties, pH, droplet size and distribution, rheological parameters, and microbiological control. The glycerol extract and the apolar fraction of the hydroethanolic extract exhibited the best antioxidant capacity, with the latter also showing the best antimicrobial activity. This extract induced bacterial membrane permeability and caused DNA damage, possibly due to the high concentration of linear terpenes. The extracts, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, affected the preparation of the formulations and droplet distribution but did not significantly alter rheological properties, except for the apolar fraction of the hydroethanolic extract. The extracts did not provide significant protection to the formulations against microorganisms, as assessed by the TAMC (ISO 21149:2017) and TYMC (ISO 16212:2017) methods. In conclusion, B. bifurcata extracts have potential in topical formulations due to their significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, offering natural and sustainable alternatives for cosmetic and pharmaceutical products aimed at skin care.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Ciências Biofarmacêuticas , 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Bifurcaria bifurcata Extrato de macroalga Antimicrobiano Antioxidante Formulações tópicas Teses de mestrado - 2024