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A integração da agricultura urbana no planeamento: segurança alimentar e populações vulneráveis: o caso de estudo da cidade de Lisboa
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Abstract(s)
A agricultura urbana, inicialmente uma atividade marginal à cidade e de caráter temporário, tem vindo a adquirir relevância, nomeadamente ao nível político e à escala local, sendo reconhecidas potencialidades enquanto ferramenta de resposta aos desafios ambientais, económicos e sociais, que emergem num contexto de mudanças globais.
Apesar de não se assistir a um perigo imediato ou premente da segurança alimentar, deve-se encarar o valor estratégico do fornecimento de alimento da agricultura urbana, como forma de adaptação e mitigação das desigualdades no acesso a alimentos e a garantia de segurança alimentar em populações vulneráveis. É essencialmente nas famílias que participam na atividade e que se encontram numa situação socioeconómica mais frágil, que o impacto da agricultura urbana, enquanto garante da segurança alimentar, é mais significativo. Contudo, há também aspetos e preocupações críticas, nomeadamente no que se refere à qualidade dos produtos cultivados em meio urbano e a contribuição factual que a agricultura urbana tem na alimentação dos agregados que praticam a atividade. O presente estudo propõe identificar a expressão da agricultura urbana no estabelecimento de uma maior segurança alimentar das populações urbanas, especialmente nas comunidades vulneráveis.
A metodologia deste trabalho assentou num primeiro momento na identificação de casos de estudo na cidade de Lisboa, através da aplicação de métodos de análise multivariada a um conjunto de indicadores, de forma a permitir identificar padrões socioterritoriais que estabeleçam uma relação entre a existência de populações vulneráveis e a localização de hortas urbanas. Num segundo momento, foi elaborado um inquérito direcionado aos hortelões dos casos de estudo identificados, centrado na temática da segurança alimentar.
A análise dos resultados demonstra que a agricultura urbana constitui um complemento importante na melhoria da segurança alimentar das famílias, especialmente das mais vulneráveis, seja pela melhoria na alimentação ou pela poupança de rendimentos. Verificou-se que foi particularmente relevante para agregados mais afetados pelos efeitos económicos provocados pela pandemia COVID- 19, atuando como uma ferramenta de resiliência. Contudo, a mesma não se mostra fulcral para o abastecimento os agregados familiares.
Urban agriculture, initially a temporary activity that was marginal to the city, has been gaining importance, namely at political and local level, as its potentialities as a tool for responding to environmental, economic and social problems that arise from a context of global change are recognized. Although there is no immediate, pressing threat to food security, the strategic value of the food supply of urban agriculture should be taken into consideration as a way of adapting to and mitigating inequality to food access, and as a food security assurance for vulnerable populations. It is for families that engage in this activity and are in a fragile socioeconomic condition that the impact of urban agriculture, as a guarantee of food security, is of more significance. However, there are also important concerns related to urban agriculture, such as the quality of products grown in urban settings and the effective contribution of urban agriculture to the diet needs of the households that take part in this activity. The present study aims to identify the value of urban agriculture for the establishment of greater food security for urban populations, especially for vulnerable communities. The methodology used in this study first relied on the identification of case studies in the city of Lisbon through the application of multivariate analysis methods to a set of indicators, so as to spot socio- territorial patterns that establish a link between the existence of vulnerable populations and the location of urban gardens. Secondly, a survey targeting the identified case studies’ gardeners, focusing the subject ’food security’, was developed. Result analysis shows that urban agriculture represents an important complement to the improvement of the food security of these families, particularly the most vulnerable, be it by improving their diets or saving their incomes. Results found that urban agriculture was particularly relevant for those households that were most affected by the economic effects of COVID-19, acting as a resilience tool. Nevertheless, urban agriculture doesn´t show to be fundamental to the food supply of households.
Urban agriculture, initially a temporary activity that was marginal to the city, has been gaining importance, namely at political and local level, as its potentialities as a tool for responding to environmental, economic and social problems that arise from a context of global change are recognized. Although there is no immediate, pressing threat to food security, the strategic value of the food supply of urban agriculture should be taken into consideration as a way of adapting to and mitigating inequality to food access, and as a food security assurance for vulnerable populations. It is for families that engage in this activity and are in a fragile socioeconomic condition that the impact of urban agriculture, as a guarantee of food security, is of more significance. However, there are also important concerns related to urban agriculture, such as the quality of products grown in urban settings and the effective contribution of urban agriculture to the diet needs of the households that take part in this activity. The present study aims to identify the value of urban agriculture for the establishment of greater food security for urban populations, especially for vulnerable communities. The methodology used in this study first relied on the identification of case studies in the city of Lisbon through the application of multivariate analysis methods to a set of indicators, so as to spot socio- territorial patterns that establish a link between the existence of vulnerable populations and the location of urban gardens. Secondly, a survey targeting the identified case studies’ gardeners, focusing the subject ’food security’, was developed. Result analysis shows that urban agriculture represents an important complement to the improvement of the food security of these families, particularly the most vulnerable, be it by improving their diets or saving their incomes. Results found that urban agriculture was particularly relevant for those households that were most affected by the economic effects of COVID-19, acting as a resilience tool. Nevertheless, urban agriculture doesn´t show to be fundamental to the food supply of households.
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Keywords
Agricultura Urbana Segurança Alimentar Populações Vulneráveis Planeamento Urbano Concelho de Lisboa