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Impact of combined training with different exercise intensities on inflammatory and lipid markers in type 2 diabetes : a secondary analysis from a 1-year randomized controlled trial
Publication . Magalhães, João P.; Santos, Diana A.; Correia, Inês; Hetherington-Rauth, Megan; Ribeiro, Rogério; Raposo, João F.; Matos, Andreia; Bicho, Manuel; Sardinha, Luís B.
Background: Exercise is a well-accepted strategy to improve lipid and infammatory profle in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the exercise intensity having the most benefts on lipids and infammatory markers in patients with T2DM remains unclear. We aimed to analyse the impact of a 1-year combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT), and a moderate continuous training (MCT) with RT on infammatory and lipid profle in individuals with T2DM. Methods: Individuals with T2DM (n=80, aged 59 years) performed a 1-year randomized controlled trial and were randomized into three groups (control, n=27; HIIT with RT, n=25; MCT with RT, n=28). Exercise sessions were super‑ vised with a frequency of 3 days per week. Infammatory and lipid profles were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Changes in infammatory and lipid markers were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results: After adjusting for sex, age and baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we observed a time-by-group interaction for Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both the MCT with RT (β=−0.70, p=0.034) and HIIT with RT (β=−0.62, p=0.049) groups, whereas, only the HIIT with RT group improved total cholesterol (β=−0.03, p=0.045) and LDL-C (β=−0.03, p=0.034), when compared to control. No efect was observed for C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble form of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor CD163 (sCD163), triglycerides and HDL-C in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Favorable adaptations on IL-6 were observed in both the HIIT and MCT combined with RT groups fol‑ lowing a long-term 1-year exercise intervention in individuals with T2DM. However, only the HIIT with RT prevented further derangement of total cholesterol and LDL-C, when compared to the control group. Therefore, in order to encourage exercise participation and improve infammatory profle, either exercise protocols may be prescribed, however, HIIT with RT may have further benefts on the lipid profle.
Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training versus continuous moderate-intensity training combined with resistance training in patients with type 2 diabetes : a one-year randomized controlled trial
Publication . Magalhães, João P.; Júdice, Pedro B.; Ribeiro, Rogério; Andrade, Rita; Raposo, João; Dores, Hélder; Bicho, Manuel; Sardinha, Luís B.
Aims: To evaluate the impact of one-year high intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with
resistance training (RT) vs continuous moderate intensity training (MCT) combined with RT on
glycaemic control, body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with type
2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 96 participants with type 2 diabetes
for a one-year supervised exercise intervention with three groups: Control, HIIT with RT and MCT
with RT). The control group received standard counseling regarding general PA guidelines, with no
structured exercise sessions. The main outcome variable was HbA1c (%). Secondary outcomes were
other glycaemic variables, body composition, anthropometry measurements, CRF and enjoyment of
exercise. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model outcomes.
Results: Among the 96 participants enrolled in the intervention, 80 were randomized, with a
mean (SD) age of 58.5 years (7.7) and a mean HbA1c of 7.2% (1.6). After adjusting the model for
sex and total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we found that both the MCT with
RT (β, 0.003; P, 0.921) and the HIIT with RT (β, 0.025; P, 0.385) groups had no effect on HbA1c.
A favourable effect was observed in the MCT with RT group, with a reduction in whole body fat
index (β, −0.062; P, 0.022), android fat index (β, −0.010; P, 0.010) and gynoid fat index (β,
−0.013; P, 0.014). Additionally, CRF increased during the intervention, but only in the MCT with
RT group (β, 0.185; P, 0.019).
Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that there was no effect of either MCT with RT
or HIIT with RT on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, the combination
of MCT and RT improved body composition and CRF following a one-year intervention.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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SFRH
Número da atribuição
SFRH/BD/85742/2012