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Projeto de investigação
The epidemic has gone global: Can physical activity patterns offset the harmful effects of sedentary behavior A trans-national prospective study from childhood to adulthood
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Fitness, physical activity, or sedentary patterns? Integrated analysis with obesity surrogates in a large youth sample
Publication . Henriques-Neto, Duarte; Júdice, Pedro B.; Peralta, Miguel; Sardinha, Luís B.
Objective: Physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) are inversely associated with body mass index and waist circumference (WC), whereas sedentary time (ST) seems to boost obesity in youth. The aim was to examine the associations of each selected PF test, PA-related exposures, and specific ST patterns with obesity and determine the most relevant ones, in a large sample of a school-aged adolescent. Methods: The sample consisted of 2696 Portuguese youth aged 10 to 18 years. Height, weight, and WC were measured. PA and ST components were measured using accelerometry. PF was evaluated using a battery of tests. Results: The Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) and push-up tests seemed to be the exposures that presented the strongest and more consistent associations with obesity, independent of PA/ST profiles (P < .05). The second exposure of relevance for adolescent obesity level was the breaks in ST with a negative relationship regardless of PA/PF profiles (P < .05). Finally, ST accumulated in periods of <30 minutes, and moderateto-vigorous PA were favorably associated with obesity, independent of ST/PF. Conclusions: Independent of PA and ST, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured by PACER, was associated with obesity markers. This may be in part due to the dependence of PACER performance on adiposity. Also, limiting prolonged ST and promoting interruptions in this behavior were associated with obesity. These associations suggest that future research should examine other strategies beyond PA promotion for tackling obesity that consider CRF and breaking ST.
Mediating role of physical fitness and fat mass on the associations between physical activity and bone health in youth
Publication . Henriques-Neto, Duarte; Magalhães, João P.; Júdice, Pedro B.; Hetherington-Rauth, Megan; Peralta, Miguel; Marques, Adilson; Sardinha, Luís B.
We aimed to assess if the relationship between VPA and bone health is simultaneously mediated by PF and fat mass in adolescents. Bone health was assessed by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in 412 participants (221 girls) aged 10–18 years. VPA was assessed by accelerometry and PF was measured using specific protocols from FITescola®. Fat mass (%) was assessed using two skinfolds (triceps and calf).
Parallel mediation analysis was performed by Hayes’ PROCESS (V.3.3-model 4) for SPSS. We observed that
in boys, handgrip mediated the associations of VPA with speed of sound on the third distal radius (R-SoS).
While, speed at 20 m and handgrip mediated the relationship of VPA with speed of sound on the tibial midshaft (T-SoS). Body fat (%) only acted as a mediator when handgrip integrates the mediation model.
For girls, the only mediating variable for the relationship between VPA and R-SoS or T-SoS was the PACER
test. Handgrip, speed and fat mass (%) in boys, and cardiorespiratory fitness in girls mediates the relationships between VPA and bone health assessed by QUS. Promoting muscular fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness and decrease of fat mass through VPA in adolescents may be an important strategy to improve bone health.
Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training versus continuous moderate-intensity training combined with resistance training in patients with type 2 diabetes : a one-year randomized controlled trial
Publication . Magalhães, João P.; Júdice, Pedro B.; Ribeiro, Rogério; Andrade, Rita; Raposo, João; Dores, Hélder; Bicho, Manuel; Sardinha, Luís B.
Aims: To evaluate the impact of one-year high intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with
resistance training (RT) vs continuous moderate intensity training (MCT) combined with RT on
glycaemic control, body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with type
2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 96 participants with type 2 diabetes
for a one-year supervised exercise intervention with three groups: Control, HIIT with RT and MCT
with RT). The control group received standard counseling regarding general PA guidelines, with no
structured exercise sessions. The main outcome variable was HbA1c (%). Secondary outcomes were
other glycaemic variables, body composition, anthropometry measurements, CRF and enjoyment of
exercise. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model outcomes.
Results: Among the 96 participants enrolled in the intervention, 80 were randomized, with a
mean (SD) age of 58.5 years (7.7) and a mean HbA1c of 7.2% (1.6). After adjusting the model for
sex and total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we found that both the MCT with
RT (β, 0.003; P, 0.921) and the HIIT with RT (β, 0.025; P, 0.385) groups had no effect on HbA1c.
A favourable effect was observed in the MCT with RT group, with a reduction in whole body fat
index (β, −0.062; P, 0.022), android fat index (β, −0.010; P, 0.010) and gynoid fat index (β,
−0.013; P, 0.014). Additionally, CRF increased during the intervention, but only in the MCT with
RT group (β, 0.185; P, 0.019).
Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that there was no effect of either MCT with RT
or HIIT with RT on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, the combination
of MCT and RT improved body composition and CRF following a one-year intervention.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
OE
Número da atribuição
SFRH/BPD/115977/2016