Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology

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Microsite Drivers of Natural Seed Regeneration of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in Burnt Plantations

Publication . Águas, Ana; Matias, Hugo; Rodrigues, Abel; Bailey, Tanya; Silva, Joaquim; Rego, Francisco Castro

Fire regimes are changing in several regions of the world. In those regions, some exotic species may be better adapted to new regimes than the native species. This study focused on identifying the microsite characteristics associated with the occurrence of post-fire Eucalyptus globulus regeneration from seeds, outside the species native-range. This information is important in helping to assess the naturalization status of the species, to understand its invasion risk, and to manage wildlings in plantations. To characterize the establishment niche, pairs of microsites (sapling presence/ absence) were sampled in four salvage-logged plantations of E. globulus two years after fire (20 pairs/plantation). Microsites of wildlings from three size classes and control microsites were established in one of these plantations (20 quartets) in order to characterize the recruitment niche and to assess ontogenic niche shifts. Two post-fire wildling cohorts were identified. The first emerged just after fire and was abundant. The second emerged after logging and was scarce, probably due to seed limitation. First-cohort wildlings were observed in microsites characterized by a high incidence of fire-related variables (charcoal, ash, increased soil pH and K). The aggregated distribution of these wildlings and their association with other species may indicate the existence of facilitative relationships and/or the exploitation of resource-rich patches. All these factors were relevant for first-cohort persistence and likely also for its establishment and recruitment. Second-cohort wildlings occurred in microsites where salvage-logging disturbance was evident, showing the importance of this disturbance for its emergence. Wildling size diversity was explained by the two recruitment events and by the asymmetrical competition between wildlings and adults. No niche shifts were detected. The high densities of E. globulus wildlings found established in burnt plantations indicated naturalization was in progress. The timing of major recruitment events and the phenology of the species should be considered for monitoring this regeneration and scheduling control interventions, if required

2022Journal article

Open access

The Facial Reconstruction of a Mesolithic Dog, Muge, Portugal

Publication . Moraes, Cicero; Pereira, Hugo Matos; Requicha, João Filipe; Alves, Lara; Alexandre-Pires, Graça; de Jesus, Sandra; Guimarães, Silvia; Ginja, Catarina; Detry, Cleia; Ramalho, Miguel; Pires, Ana Elisabete

This paper presents the facial reconstruction of a Mesolithic dog whose skeleton was recovered from the Muge shell middens (Portugal) in the 19th century. We used the anatomical deformation approach based on a collection of computer tomography images as an attempt to reconstruct the Muge dog’s head appearance. We faced a few challenges due to the level of bone displacement and the absence of some cranium anatomical parts, as well as accurate information on soft tissue thickness for modern dogs. This multidisciplinary study combined anatomical, veterinary, zooarchaeological, artistic and graphic aspects to allow for the facial reconstruction of the Muge dog. Albeit an approximation, it confers a recognition to this prehistoric finding.

2022Journal article

Open access

Wildfire education: A review across the globe

Publication . Pacheco, Renata; Skulska, Iryna; Sequeira, Ana Catarina; Colaço, M. Conceição

Recent projections suggest that wildfires will occur more often and with higher intensity due to the changing climate. In this context, it is vital to educate the population to be ready and prepared to deal with these events. This book chapter reviews the state of the art of educational materials on wildfires worldwide that are available online. A total of 225 references on the matter were retrieved. The materials are from all five continents, involving 36 countries and written in 23 languages. Most of them are from regions with a Mediterranean climate with fire-prone ecosystems in which, for the last decades, wildfires have negatively affected the population. Regarding the target audience, most materials retrieved focused on the general public (about 48%), followed by students from various age groups (around 40%). Written documents, websites, and videos are the most frequent materials for the general public. As for students, a greater variability of pedagogical materials is available, ranging from mobile phone applications and digital and experimental activities to slides for classes and reading materials. The remaining materials focus on the rural population and firefighters’ training. Most references present the main concepts and ecological aspects of fire, along with safety and prevention measures. However, few discuss climate change, recovery, and socio-economic or health concerns. This gap should be addressed in the future wildfire educational materials to better prepare and inform society.

2024Book part

Open access

Canyoning: uma atividade emergente de turismo de natureza com grande potencial nos Açores

Publication . Botelho, Andrea Zita; Torres, Paulo; Costa, Ana Cristina; Ventura, Maria Anunciação; Silva, Francisco

A atividade de canyoning iniciou-se nos Açores em 2004, tendo vindo a ganhar cada vez mais expressão, consubstanciada num aumento do número de praticantes ao longo dos anos. As caraterísticas únicas deste território insular, e em particular o seu património natural, justificam a procura crescente da prática do canyoning nos Açores, com maior incidência nas ilhas de São Miguel, Flores e São Jorge. Esta atividade assenta na realização de percursos ao longo de cursos de água e cascatas, usando várias técnicas de progressão como saltos, rapel e tobogãs, proporcionando um misto de adrenalina e aventura, num cenário paisagístico único, refletido na monumentalidade da geodiversidade e riqueza única da biodiversidade. Ainda há muito para conhecer acerca do valor paisagístico e natural associado a estas atividades nos Açores, mas a singularidade dos recursos, como os numerosos cursos de água que correm nalguns troços em desníveis de cota consideráveis, inter calados por lagoas de águas mais calmas em diferentes altitudes, e a proximidade da costa e do oceano, proporcionam uma experiência turística difícil de igualar noutras geografias. Com base na informação obtida através de entrevistas aos responsáveis das empre sas de canyoning na região, foi analisada a tendência da representatividade desta atividade no contexto do turismo de natureza, e caracterizaram-se os principais percursos, nomeadamente considerando a singularidade dos recursos (e.g., paisagem, vegetação, geodiversidade), acessos e nível de dificuldade. Apesar das excelentes condições e qualidade dos serviços oferecidos, verificou-se existir ainda um importante potencial de desenvolvimento da atividade de Canyo ning na região, que se apresenta como uma oportunidade para um melhor apro veitamento turístico dos recursos hídricos, e uma estratégia de desenvolvimento económico tirando partido dos atrativos naturais locais, relevantes no contexto das microeconomias das ilhas.

2022Book part

Open access