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Projeto de investigação
Casual Relationships Upshots for Sexual Protection
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Publicações
A diversidade dos relacionamentos casuais e suas características
Publication . Alvarez, Maria-João; Garcia, Marta; Pereira, Cicero Roberto
Os relacionamentos sexuais casuais (RSC) são cada vez mais comuns, mas pouco se sabe sobre os principais tipos e características desses envolvimentos no nosso país. Este estudo pretendeu contribuir para superar essa lacuna e recorreu a uma metodologia qualitativa para conhecer os RSC em que os adultos emergentes Portugueses se envolvem (N = 177, 18-30 anos) e suas características. Realizaram-se três estudos, através de perguntas abertas recolhidas presencialmente e online, cujos resultados mostraram que um RSC se define pela ausência de envolvimento emocional e de compromisso e tem objectivos exclusivamente sexuais. Escalonamentos multidimensionais combinados com análise de clusters permitiram identificar quatro tipos principais de RSC: amigos coloridos, caso de uma noite, curte e relacionamento casual. Os quatro encontros mostraram-se diferentes entre si, distinguindo-se em 19 características. Conclui-se pela importância de abordar os mesmos como sendo distintos e com necessidades de intervenção diferentes no que se refere, nomeadamente, à protecção sexual.
Development and evidence of validity of the new sexual double standard scale
Publication . Delgado Amaro, Helena; Alvarez, Maria-João; Ferreira, Joaquim; Pereira, Cicero Roberto
The Sexual Double Standard is a complex multi-layered construct that functions as an organizing principle of heterosexual behavior. It is a dynamic, ubiquitous, two-dimensional sexual gendered norm, the quantitative exploration of which requires up-to-date assessment tools to better capture both personal endorsement and social recognition of the SDS. This study develops a New SDS Scale to assess personal SDS, which is easily adapted to measure societal SDS, with demonstration of its validity and gender invariance. College students (N = 481) completed the New SDS Scale, plus convergent-divergent and concurrent validity measures. Exploratory analysis indicated an eight-item two-factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the better adjustment of a bifactor structure combining a general factor of SDS and the subscales Sexual Relationships and Actions/Activities. In addition to factorial validity, results were also demonstrative of convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity, and reliability and gender invariance were demonstrated. The new scale may be a useful tool to briefly assess personal endorsement of the SDS or of alternative standards, and it can easily be adapted to measure perceptions about the social existence of the SDS. Beyond the potential for practical application to individual or group assessment in clinical and educational settings, the New SDS Scale updates our knowledge on the types of sexual conduct that elicit the SDS, identifying critically gendered activities for which permissiveness continues to be markedly differentiated, despite the openness and sexual freedom of recent years.
Clear-cut terms and culture-sensitive characteristics of distinctive casual sexual relationships in Portuguese emerging adults
Publication . Alvarez, Maria-João; Pereira, Cicero Roberto; Godinho, Cristina Albuquerque; LUZ, RITA
Casual sexual relationships (CSR) are increasingly common but limited empirical research has addressed their terminology and distinctive characteristics. This study sought to identify the most clear-cut terms and to consider how culture-sensitive characteristics distinguish casual sexual relationships among Portuguese emerging adults (N = 262, 18-29 years old). We combined two qualitative studies – one by association and another by free recall – to ascertain the clarity of the terms, plus a quantitative study to further characterize and differentiate them. Participants were asked to match descriptions of CSRs with the respective terms by which they are known (Study 1). The same was investigated using an evocation task requesting that participants produce the terms by which the described CSRs are known (Study 2). Binary logistic regressions were performed to analyze the associations between encounters and labels chosen, taking the effect of gender and age into account. In the third study, participants rated the degree to which eight characteristics were present in the types of CSR, a simultaneous task that led to greater understanding of their descriptive and differentiating characteristics. Multivariate analysis of variance was used, with gender and age as covariates. We conclude that two types of CSR – friends with benefits and one-night stand – and, to a lesser extent, making out, are understood and associated with consensual labels, also found by free-recall. These CSRs proved to be distinct, as they are understood as more different than similar in a set of psychoemotional, behavioral, and sexual characteristics.
Multiple Casual Sex Scripts: Shared Beliefs about Behavior among Portuguese Emerging Adults
Publication . Luz, Rita; Pegado, Ana; Godinho, Cristina; Pereira, Cicero Roberto; Alvarez, Maria-João
Objective: Empirical research to differentiate casual sex scripts is still limited. We aimed to
ascertain the sexual scripts for three main types of casual sexual relationships: hookup,
friends with benefits and one-night stands.
Methods: Through a mixed-method approach, we performed a study consisting in two
sequential tasks to (1) complete three lists of script actions, and (2) identify the most
agreed-upon actions for each casual sexual relationship.
Results: An important number of actions and events were identified for the three casual sexual
scripts, reflecting a high level of elaboration and structure. Following a cognitive-script
methodology, the actions retained for the content of the script for each casual sexual relationship
were those obtaining at least 60% in respect to the mean of their centrality to the
encounter. Only 16.5% of actions were shared among the three scripts, demonstrating their
distinctiveness.
Conclusion: Knowledge about the different casual sex scripts can be used to develop relational
and personal skills within CSRs and decrease unwanted experiences such as condomless
sex.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
3599-PPCDT
Número da atribuição
PTDC/PSI-GER/28530/2017