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Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling: GPU processing, is it worth it?
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Prospective avenues in travel behavior research supported by the cognitive dissonance theory: a scoping review
Publication . Melo, Lucas Eduardo Araújo de; Sinval, Jorge; Isler, Cassiano Augusto
Recent findings on the relationship between travel choices and attitudes toward different modes of transport have highlighted the importance of Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory (CDT). Evidence suggests a bidirectional influence between travel behavior and attitudes, making CDT especially relevant. However, little attention has been paid to exploring CDT itself in the transportation domain. We present a scoping review that discusses the concepts defined by the seminal work of Festinger (1957) on CDT and recent considerations from psychology. We also discuss the gaps found in the transportation literature and suggest avenues for future research to enhance CDT’s applicability. A conceptual model is presented to provide a rationale of the theory and four main questions are considered to drive the discussions throughout the paper: (i) How have cognitive dissonance definitions been interpreted and applied in the literature?; (ii) How has the magnitude of inconsistency been measured?; (iii) To which constructs has the cognitive dissonance state been related?; (iv) To what extent have resistances to behavior and attitude changes been considered? Addressing these questions contributed to present clearer definitions about the constructs of CDT, particularly to the term ‘dissonance’, the magnitude of inconsistency function and both resistance to behavioral change and resistance to attitude change. As a result, this paper provides a logical decision-making process regarding travel mode choice, allowing a balance between the assessment of soft and hard policy interventions toward sustainable mobility.
Knowledge and use of evidence-based practice in psychology in the clinical practice of brazilian psychologists: a cross-sectional study
Publication . Melnik, Tamara; Sinval, Jorge; Pinho, Vanessa Dordron de; Junior, José Antônio Spencer Hartmann; Oliveira, Margareth da Silva; Lopes, Fernanda Machado
Background/Objectives: The use of scientific evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders is crucial for achieving optimal clinical outcomes and providing high-quality care. This study investigates the knowledge, sources of evidence, and attitudes of Brazilian clinical psychologists regarding evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) and discusses barriers to its implementation. Methods: A total of 696 Brazilian clinical psychologists participated in an online questionnaire designed to assess their understanding of EBPP, their familiarity with scientific platforms/databases, and their professional development investments. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted, which can be used to identify subgroups of psychologists with similar patterns of professional and training characteristics. Results: The results indicate that while psychologists recognized the importance of EBPP for effective patient care, there was a significant gap in understanding its fundamental principles and concepts. Many participants reported the limited use of scientific databases, missing opportunities to access the latest research advancements. A lower percentage of psychologists consistently implemented EBPP in their clinical practice, highlighting a gap between knowledge and application. Four latent classes emerged from the LCA: I—experienced/established professional psychologist; II—academic psychologist; III—supervised traditional psychologist; and IV—young professional psychologist. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for better integration of EBPP into psychology curricula and continuing education programs. Enhancing clinical psychologists’ understanding and proficiency in EBPP can promote evidence-based decision-making and improve the quality of mental health care in Brazil. Efforts should be made to familiarize psychologists with reliable scientific databases, equip them with skills to critically appraise research, and foster a culture of lifelong learning and professional development. Additionally, it is essential to develop strategies tailored to the distinct profiles of professionals identified in this study, considering their training sources, reference usage, and knowledge of EBPP.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
FCT_CPCA_2021_01
Número da atribuição
CPCA/A1/435377/2021