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Projeto de investigação
Risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps: atouts et participation sociale des jeunes
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Cognitive-behavioural coaching : applications to health and personal development contexts
Publication . Carvalho, Marina; Matos, MG; Anjos, Maria Helena
Coaching programs are demonstrating their effectiveness in several contexts and populations, namely in personal development through the lifespan, and in health contexts. In the present conceptual paper, Coaching definitions, goals, procedures, benefits and limitations are described and critically discussed. Specifically, differences between Coaching and Psychotherapies are emphasized. Based on this knowledge, the structure of a Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching program is presented, and its differences in relation to Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapies are also emphasized and critically discussed. Finally, the evidences for Coaching programs effectiveness, in particular in Health and Personal Development contexts, are reported, based on meta-analytic data and on literature systematic reviews. The need for qualified training and supervision, as well as limitations and future directions are also pointed in order to contribute to diminish conceptual and practical ambiguities that may interfere with Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching and, in consequence, that may interfere with the persons’ goals for their health or personal development.
Emotional symptoms and risk behaviors in adolescents : relationships with cyberbullying and implications on well-being
Publication . Carvalho, Marina; Branquinho, Cátia Sofia dos Santos; Matos, MG
Context: Cyberbullying is considered a public health problem with serious consequences on adolescents' health and well-being. Objective: To analyze the relationships between emotional symptoms and risk behaviors with cyberbullying and understand the role of these factors as predictors of well-being. Design: This is a cross-sectional study based on the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children of the World Health Organization (HBSC/WHO) study. Results: More girls reported being involved in cyberbullying as cybervictims, whereas more boys reported being involved in cyberbullying as cyberbullies and cyberbully victims. Girls reported more emotional symptoms, especially fear and sadness; boys reported more risk behaviors, specifically drug use and involvement in fights, but a higher well-being when compared to girls. Cyberbullies and cyberbully victims reported higher alcohol consumption than cybervictims; cyberbullies also reported higher drugs consumption compared to cybervictims and cyberbully victims. Well-being was predicted by emotional symptoms and age, independently of gender; for girls, involvement in fights also predicted well-being. Conclusions: If boys and girls, as well as cybervictims, cyberbullies, and cyberbully victims, present different levels of well-being, emotional symptoms, and risk behaviors vary in function of cyberbullying, it is crucial to develop individual interventions focused on the specific needs of each group.
Non-suicidal self-injuries and adolescents high risk behaviours : highlights from the Portuguese HBSC study
Publication . Gaspar, Susana; Reis, Marta; Sampaio, Daniel; Guerreiro, Diogo; Matos, MG
To analyse sex differences and associations regarding non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviour and their relationship with other health compromising behaviours. Were inquired 3262 Portuguese adolescents as participants in the context of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study/WHO. 20.3% of the adolescents reported at least one NSSI episode. Students from 8th grade had more NSSI than 10th grade students. Concerning sex, girls report more NSSI than boys. The occurrence of NSSI for both sexs is related to alcohol use, being bullied, being a bully, carrying weapons, and safety perception at school. Regarding boys, NSSI is also related to physical activity (PA), drugs use and school grade. For both sexs, being bullied, being a bully and carrying weapons had a positive association with the NSSI occurrence. For girls, also alcohol use had a positive association with the NSSI occurrence. Safety perception at school was negatively associated with the NSSI occurrence in girls. Regarding the 8th and 10th grade students’ being bullied and carrying weapons had a positive association with the NSSI occurrence. For the 8th grade students’ alcohol use and being a bully had also a positive association with the NSSI occurrence. Safety perception at school had a negative association with the NSSI occurrence for the 8th grade students. Specific strategies that address the NSSI occurrence in adolescents are needed for Portuguese adolescents and those needs presented age (grade) and sex specificities. Public policies must take these specificities on board while designing and implementing preventive interventions with families, in the school and in the community in order to promote a safer environment at school and adolescents’ positive development. These interventions will help adolescents to better self-regulate, seek social support, make better choices and to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
The Dream Teens Project : after a two-year participatory action-research program
Publication . Branquinho, Cátia Sofia dos Santos; Matos, MG
This study presents the evaluation of a youth participatory action-research project, developed with Portuguese youth, providing a framework for youth’s ideas to be heard, promoting their social participation and engagement in contexts and political scenarios in the areas of health, well-being and active citizenship. In this study of the
Dream Teens project, were included all those adolescents that were present in the First and in Second Dream Teens National Meeting, and therefore could fill the pre and post evaluations (N = 46). In this group, 78.3% were girls, with a mean age of 16.13 (±1.89) from which were attended High School (65.2%). A factorial analysis, including all items from the various instrument used identified five factors: Feelings and competencies for action, Competencies for problem resolution, Interpersonal skills, Humanitarianism and Feelings towards life. Comparisons in the five dimensions at the end of year
1 and at the end of year 2 reveal no significant differences. Contrarily, the Dream
Teens’ perceptions at the end of year 1 and 2 revealed positive differences. Individual
perceptions of improvement were positive in many areas either in the end of year 1 and
in the end of year 2, as well as the reported involvement in civic and voluntary activities
and future expectations. In sum, although the great majority of youth involved in the
program reported positive outcomes as their personal perception, when comparing the
results reported in the pre and post evaluation, no significant differences were revealed.
This result calls for reflection, although perceiving themselves as more positively
enabled, the positive changes were not strong enough to enable the adolescents to cope
better in their life scenarios, or simply they did not change, they just liked the program. The results of the qualitative study using in depth interviews (ongoing) will give more
clues about what happened.
Mental health among Syrian immigrants in Iraq
Publication . Sepehrianazar, Firouzeh; Tilee, Sara Qader; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de
Background: The migration of Syrian citizens to many parts of the world began after civil war in Syria. Many migrants lost their homes, friends and relatives as a result ofthe civil war. Millions of Syrians have been refugeesto European countries and especially to neighboring countries such as Libya, Turkey and Iraq. They have experienced housing, safety and cultural gap problems, which may put their mental health at risk. Many present signs of physical and mental illness, such as an insomnia, a weakened immune system, drug addiction,self-harm, and aggression, making their social adjustment more and more difficult. Despite facing the same conditions, other immigrants succeed to adjust with the new environment. It is necessary to understand factorsthat may optimize immigrants’social adjustment. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate to what extend some characteristics of Syrian immigrantsin Iraq,such as cultural intelligence, emotional intelligence are related to their social adjustment, and the role of mental health upon that relationship. Methods: Participants are Syrian immigrants who live in Erbil – Iraq. Data collection was held in 2017. Were randomly included 288 subjects (50% female). All participants completed 4 questionnaires translated from Persian version to Arabic language: Cultural and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires (CI and EI), a Social Adjustment scale (SA) and a Mental Health Questionnaire (MH). Results: This study presents an empirical study into the mental health of immigrants. More specific, based on collected questionnaire data an explanatory model for mental health and social adjustment is established on the basis of emotional- and cultural intelligence. A better mental health is associated with better social adjustment. Emotional and cultural intelligence are significantly and positively and significantly and positively associated to social adjustment. Cultural intelligence issignificantly and positively related to mental health, while emotional intelligence has no significant relation with mental health, when simultaneous effects are analyzed. Conclusions: The present results suggest that mental health may have an intermediate role in the relationship between cultural intelligence and social adjustment, but no intermediate role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and social adjustment. Results convey an important message to public policies, highlighting the importance of preserving both cultural and emotional intelligence among Syrian immigrant in Iraq, as a measure to assure their mental health and social adjustment.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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SFRH/BSAB/135160/2017