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Projeto de investigação
TERRITÓRIO E MOBILIDADE NAS COMUNIDADES NEANDERTAIS DO OCIDENTE PENINSULAR
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Raw material sourcing in the Middle Paleolithic site of Gruta da Oliveira (Central Limestone Massif, Estremadura, Portugal)
Publication . Matias, Henrique
The cave site of Gruta da Oliveira is located in the Almonda karst system, at the interface between the Central Limestone Massif of Portuguese Estremadura (CLM) and the adjacent Sedimentary Basin of the River Tagus (TSB). The cave presents a stratification dated to ~37-107 ka containing hearth features, Neanderthal skeletal remains, as well as fauna, microfauna and wood charcoal remains. The lithic assemblages are large and feature a diverse range of raw materials.
Knappable lithic raw materials in primary, sub-primary and secondary position in the CLM and the TSB were systematically surveyed and sampled. The characterization of the geological samples was carried out at both the macro- and the microscopic scales and data were systematized under the petroarcheological and “evolutionary chain of silica” approaches.
The study of the lithic assemblage from layer 14 (dated to the ~61-93 ka 95.4% probability interval by TL) indicates that the Gruta da Oliveira Neanderthals used quartzite, quartz and flint from sources located less than 30 km away in both the CLM and the TSB.
Raw-Material Provenience of the Solutrean Diagnostics from Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal)
Publication . Matias, Henrique; Aubry, Thierry; Zilhão, João
The flints used to produce the diagnostic Solutrean stone tools from Gruta do Caldeirão are classified, their geological and geographical origin is determined, and results are compared with available data for three other regions of Iberia: the Côa Valley and the Sicó Massif, in Portugal, and Cantabria, in northern Spain. Three of the five Caldeirão flint types have sources less than 30 km away. Such catchment sizes are like those inferred for most silicifications found at Buraca Grande (Sicó Massif). Longdistance circulations — such as the ones recognized in some Côa Valley and Cantabrian sites — have not been identified. However, the other two Caldeirão flint types remain of unknown origin, so broader procurement ranges cannot be excluded.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
OE
Número da atribuição
SFRH/BD/108396/2015