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Comparative Patterns of Sex Expression and Sex Ratios in Island and Continental Bryophyte Populations
Publication . Martins, Anabela; Patiño, Jairo; Sim-Sim, Manuela
Reproductive biology patterns are crucial for understanding the dynamics and
evolution of plants. This is particularly relevant in bryophytes, where sex expression and reproductive
success can vary significantly with environmental conditions. Islands, with their
isolated and diverse environments, provide natural laboratories to explore these dynamics.
In this study, we investigate sex expression, the phenotypic sex ratio, and sporophyte production
in one moss (Exsertotheca intermedia) and three liverwort species (Frullania polysticta,
Frullania teneriffae, Porella canariensis) across their entire distribution range. Depending
on the species, the geographic range includes the Canary Islands, Madeira, the Azores,
the Iberian Peninsula, the British Isles, and the Faroe Islands. For the non-Macaronesian
endemic species (F. teneriffae, P. canariensis) higher levels of sex expression and males
were found in the Macaronesian archipelagos. In leafy liverworts, females appear to be
correlated with lower temperatures and higher precipitation levels, while males seem to
be associated with higher temperatures and relatively lower precipitation levels. In this
study, we demonstrated that bryophyte populations from Macaronesia exhibited higher
levels of sex expression compared to their continental counterparts, suggesting that the
distinct environmental conditions of these islands play a crucial role in shaping their
reproductive patterns.
Ecological drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bryophytes in an oceanic island
Publication . Martins, Anabela; Collart, Flavien; Sim-Sim, Maria; Patiño, Jairo
Montane oceanic islands possess unique geographic and ecological attributes, renderingthem valuable for assessing patterns and drivers of alpha and beta taxonomic, functional,and phylogenetic diversity along elevational gradients. Such comparisons of diversityfacets can provide insights into the mechanisms governing community assembly on is-lands. Herein, we aimed to characterize taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic bryo-phyte diversity on Madeira Island within and across areas at varying elevations. We alsoassessed how these diversity facets for the alpha and beta components relate to ecologi-cal and anthropogenic factors. We estimated and compared alpha and beta taxonomic,functional, and phylogenetic diversity using 80 plots of 0.5 m × 0.5 m across the wholeelevational gradient of the island. We compiled trait databases and supplemented themwith our own observations. Phylogenetic information was sourced from the Moss andLiverwort Tree of Life. To assess the impact of ecological and anthropogenic factors onthe three facets, we applied linear mixed-effects models and generalized dissimilaritymodels to alpha- and beta-diversity matrices, respectively. All facets of diversity ex-hibited strong correlations within both mosses and liverworts, indicating a substantialcongruence when alpha and beta are analyzed separately. The bryophyte groups catego-rized by the growth form demonstrated contrasting patterns, aligning with their distinc-tive ecological requirements. While a mid-elevation peak emerged as a common patternacross the three facets of alpha diversity, beta diversity often displayed the oppositetrend. Although the relative influence of environmental factors varied depending on thediversity facet and bryophyte grouping considered, we found that alpha and beta diver-sity of bryophytes are more influenced by climatic factors and the predominant type ofvegetation than by anthropogenic factors. In the current context of global change, theseresults should be interpreted with caution, but they point to the resilience of bryophytesto survive in relatively well-preserved natural microhabitats within anthropogenic land-scapes. In this study on Madeira Island, we investigated patterns and drivers of alphaand beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity along elevational gradients.We found that alpha and beta diversity of bryophytes are more strongly influenced byclimatic factors and the predominant type of vegetation than by anthropogenic factors.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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OE
Número da atribuição
2020.06119.BD