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Projeto de investigação
Sustainability beyond the Metropolis. A Comparative Assessment of Sustainable Urbanisation Governance in the Angolan System of Cities.
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Seeing beyond the metropolis: metropolitan bias and the Angolan system of cities
Publication . Tjarks, Daniel
Urban research is becoming more representative of multifaceted urban conditions, but even a more inclusive urban lens often gravitates towards the metropolis. In this paper, I introduce metropolitan bias as the excessive concentration of people, economic activity, resources, and knowledge production in and on an urban system’s largest city. I illustrate the dynamics of metropolitan bias in the evolution of the Angolan system of cities and call for a perspective that recognizes the variegated political implications of metropolitan dominance for smaller cities. To this end, I highlight three entry points for future research: economic development, climate change, and governance.
Great urban transformations. Exploring ‘offensive countermovements’ in Polanyi’s instituted economy
Publication . Tjarks, Daniel
The work of Karl Polanyi and, in particular, his signature concepts of disembeddedness and the
double movement frequently inform the assessment of complex socio-economic dynamics in
modern societies. Notwithstanding the unquestionable value of accounts that, inspired by the
double movement, investigate the back-and-forth between market expansion and social protection,
the potential of what has been called ‘offensive countermovements’, aspiring to novel institutionalizations beyond mere defence, remains underexplored. In this paper, I attempt to
counteract the prevalence of Polanyian analyses that tend to overemphasize society’s inclination for
preservation of the status quo and neglect the more transformational changes sought by offensive
countermovements. Addressing this imbalance, I propose an expanded conception of offensive
countermovements and argue that we may beneficially readjust the analytical lens by combining
insights from Polanyian substantivism with the dynamics of the double movement. As a result,
redistribution and reciprocity may come to the fore as equally salient forces of change alongside the
market mechanism. I demonstrate the framework’s potential by analyzing instances of urban change
and conflict that are driven by climate change. In this regard, I point to the profound institutional
changes pursued by offensive countermovements that promote car-free cities, city empowerment,
and an enhanced role for cities in international climate governance.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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OE
Número da atribuição
2022.12544.BD