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Examining local action groups as territorial development polities: CLLD in Lisbon metropolitan area
Publication . Gonçalves, Miriam de Oliveira; Mourato, João; Pereira, André; Cavaco, Cristina
Over the past three decades, Local Action Groups (LAGs) have gained significant relevance as territorial development polities. Initially established in the 1990s under the LEADER programme, EU-funded LAGs were lauded for their ability to engage local stakeholders, promote proactivity, and build capacity for designing and implementing Local Development Strategies (LDS). With the introduction of the Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) policy initiative in the 2014–2020 Community Support Framework, the geographical scope of LAGs expanded beyond rural and coastal to include urban areas. However, there is a standing critique regarding the role and impact of LAGs in creating spatial-temporal fixes, addressing local issues through innovative governance arrangements, and facilitating multi-level interaction and territorial rescaling. This paper focuses on the Lisbon Metropolitan Area to critically examine these aspects amidst ongoing Europeanisation dynamics and a soft turn in planning theory and practices. Specifically, we scrutinize LAGs’ strategic territorial rationale, cultural adherence, institutionalization, and the intra – and inter-politics of their governance arrangements. The findings indicate limitations in governance rescaling due to the instrumentalization, overcentralization, and standardization of LAGs by external powers, which hinder their potential role and impact as territorial development polities and agents of state re-articulation.
Beyond soft planning: Towards a Soft turn in planning theory and practice?
Publication . Cavaco, Cristina; Mourato, João; Costa, João Pedro; Ferrão, João
Over the last decade, soft planning has become an increasingly visible concept in planning
literature. Since the term soft spaces was firstly coined, soft planning has been used to
describe a growing number of practices that occur at the margins of statutory planning
systems. However, as soft planning-related literature proliferates, so does the diversity of
approaches and planning practices it encompasses. Such diversity fuels long-standing
questions about what can or cannot be considered as soft planning as well as about its
usefulness for today’s planning theory and practice. To shed light on this still unclear
conceptual outline, this article divides the soft planning debate into five contextual
components (ethos; governance; politics; policies; spaces; and scale) while paying particular attention to the relationship between soft planning and strategic spatial planning.
The aim is to foreground soft planning as a concept, and add clarity and awareness on the
challenges, the risks and opportunities, planning currently faces.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
3599-PPCDT
Número da atribuição
PTDC/GES-URB/29170/2017