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Epicoccum layuense a potential biological control agent of esca-associated fungi in grapevine
Publication . Del Frari, Giovanni; Cabral, Ana; Nascimento, Teresa; Ferreira, Ricardo Boavida; Oliveira, Helena
Epicoccum is a genus of ascomycetes often associated with the mycobiome of grapevines
(Vitis vinifera). Epicoccum spp. are found in the soil, phyllosphere, as well as in the wood,
where they interact both with the plant and with other endophytes and pathogens. Wood
pathogens involved in the esca disease complex, a grapevine trunk disease, are particularly
concerning in viticulture, as current control strategies have proven unsatisfactory. This
study investigated the interaction among Epicoccum spp. and three esca-associated fungi,
with the aim of establishing whether they are suitable candidates for biological control.A
screening conducted in vitro, by means of dual culture, revealed that all tested Epicoccum
spp. inhibited the growth of pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Fomitiporia mediterranea,
while only some of them inhibited Phaeoacremonium minimum. Epicoccum
layuense E24, identified as the most efficient antagonist, was tested in rooted grapevine cuttings
of cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon and Touriga Nacional, under greenhouse conditions,
against P. chlamydospora and P. minimum. This study revealed that the inoculation of E.
layuense E24 produced a successful colonization of the wood of grapevines; in addition it
did not impair the growth of the plants or induce the appearance of symptoms in leaves or in
wood. Moreover, grapevines colonized by E. layuense E24 showed a considerable
decrease in the wood symptomatology caused by the inoculated pathogens (by 31–82%,
depending on the pathogen/grapevine cultivar), as well as a reduction in their frequency of
re-isolation (60–74%).Our findings suggest that E. layuense E24 is a promising candidate
for its application in biological control, due to its antagonistic interaction with some escaassociated
fungal pathogens
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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SFRH
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SFRH/BPD/84508/2012