LARGE-SCALE INFORMATICS SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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Publicações

Understanding Social Insider Intrusions to Personal Computing Devices

Publication . Marques, Diogo Homem; Carriço, Luís Manuel Pinto da Rocha Afonso; Guerreiro, Tiago João Vieira

We examined the characteristics of social insider intrusions to personal computing devices. Social insider intrusions are situations in which one person physically accesses the device of someone they know, without permission. With devices like smartphones becoming hubs for social interaction, social insider intrusions also became a central challenge to interpersonal privacy. Through a series of quantitative and qualitative empirical studies, we sought to better understand intrusions. Our analysis indicates that the frequency of intrusions is substantially higher than previously thought, and even prevalent among younger segments of the populations we analyzed. We found recurring patterns in how intrusions unfold, including a variety of motivations and access strategies, often successful despite the presence of security technologies, like device locks. Our analysis offers both a snapshot in time, and insight onto foundational challenges that arise from technologies mediating interpersonal relationships.

2021-04Tese de doutoramento

Acesso aberto

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Targeting the uncertainty of predictions at patient-level using an ensemble of classifiers coupled with calibration methods, Venn-ABERS, and Conformal Predictors: a case study in AD

Publication . Pereira, Telma; Cardoso, Sandra; Guerreiro, Manuela; De Mendonça, Alexandre; Madeira, Sara C.

Despite being able to make accurate predictions, most existing prognostic models lack a proper indication about the uncertainty of each prediction, that is, the risk of prediction error for individual patients. This hampers their translation to primary care settings through decision support systems. To address this problem, we studied different methods for transforming classifiers into probabilistic/confidence-based predictors (here called uncertainty methods), where predictions are complemented with probability estimates/confidence regions reflecting their uncertainty (uncertainty estimates). We tested several uncertainty methods: two well-known calibration methods (Platt Scaling and Isotonic Regression), Conformal Predictors, and Venn-ABERS predictors. We evaluated whether these methods produce valid predictions, where uncertainty estimates reflect the ground truth probabilities. Furthermore, we assessed the proportion of valid predictions made at high-certainty thresholds (predictions with uncertainty measures above a given threshold) since this impacts their usefulness in clinical decisions. Finally, we proposed an ensemble-based approach where predictions from multiple pairs of (classifier, uncertainty method) are combined to predict whether a given MCI patient will convert to AD. This ensemble should putatively provide predictions for a larger number of patients while releasing users from deciding which pair of (classifier, uncertainty method) is more appropriate for data under study. The analysis was performed with a Portuguese cohort (CCC) of around 400 patients and validated in the publicly available ADNI cohort. Despite our focus on MCI to AD prognosis, the proposed approach can be applied to other diseases and prognostic problems.

2020Artigo científico

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Entidade financiadora

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Programa de financiamento

6817 - DCRRNI ID

Número da atribuição

UID/CEC/00408/2019