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Projeto de investigação
Melhoramento vegetal na produção agrobiotecnologica em clonagem na cultura in vitro e ex vitro: milho, tomate, alface, feijão, cana de açucar, laranja, morango e fabricação agroindustrial para competição no mercado. Título: Agroforestry system and cashew aultivation: strategies for a sustainable development in East Timor
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Diversity of Legumes in the Cashew Agroforestry System in East Timor (Southeast Asia)
Publication . Guterres, Lara; Duarte, Maria Cristina; Catarino, Sílvia; Roxo, Guilherme; Barnabé, João; Sebastiana, Mónica; Monteiro, Filipa; Romeiras, Maria M.
Cashew is an important export-oriented crop in several tropical countries, often under
monocropping systems. Intercropping with legume species is promoted as a sustainable practice,
enhancing agricultural productivity and providing nutritional food sources to rural communities. This
study aimed to characterize the diversity of Leguminosae (or Fabaceae) in the cashew agroforestry
systems of East Timor (Southeast Asia). Fourteen cashew orchards were sampled across the country,
and information about leguminous species uses was collected from local populations. About 50
species are commonly part of the country’s cashew agroforestry system, many of them simultaneously
used as food, fodder, and in traditional medicine. Six bean species—Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, Phaseolus
lunatus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and H.Ohashi, Vigna radiata (L.)
R.Wilczek and Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.—are largely used as food. The mineral contents of these
beans revealed relevant differences between species and, in some cases, between types (seed colour)
within species. Periods of hunger and low food variety are frequent in East Timor, reflecting a very
poor nutritional state of the population. Knowing and using legumes for local nutrition, as well as
for healthcare and well-being, adds great value to these species as components of East Timor cashew
agroforestry systems
East Timor as an important source of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) genetic diversity
Publication . Guterres, Lara; Barnabé, João; Barros, André; Charrua, Alberto Bento; Duarte, Maria Cristina; Romeiras, Maria M.; Monteiro, Filipa
Background. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a crop currently grown in several
tropical countries because of the economic importance of cashew nuts. Despite its
enormous economic worth, limited research has been conducted on the molecular
diversity of cashew genetic resources. In this study, a wide comprehensive assessment of
the genetic diversity of cashew trees in East Timor was performed using microsatellites
(SSRs) to evaluate intraspecific diversity and population structuring.
Methods. A total of 207 individual cashew trees, including trees from East Timor
(11), and outgroup populations from Indonesia (one) and Mozambique (two), were
analyzed with 16 cashew-specific SSRs. A comprehensive sampling of cashew trees
within East Timor was performed, covering the distribution of cashew orchards in
the country. Genetic diversity indices were calculated, and population structuring was
determined using three different approaches: genetic distances (UPGMA and NJ),
AMOVA, and individual-based clustering methods through Bayesian (STRUCTURE)
and multivariate (DAPC) analyses.
Results. The population structuring analysis revealed that the genetic diversity of
cashew populations in East Timor was higher in this study than previously reported
for cashew trees. A higher allelic richness was found within cashew populations in
East Timor compared with the outgroup populations (Mozambique and Indonesia),
reinforced by the presence of private alleles. Moreover, our study showed that cashew
populations in East Timor are grouped into two dissimilar genetic groups, which may
suggest multiple cashew introductions over time. These new cashew genetic resources
could be explored for future crop improvement.
Conclusions. Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience, and adaptive
capacity of agriculture. Therefore, this study provides useful information regarding
genetic diversity and population structure that can be harnessed to improve cashew
production in East Timor. This data is also important to creating a country-specific
genetic cashew signature to increase cashew market value.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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SFRH/BD/135358/2017