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- Triggering competence may protect multiple minority members from hiring discriminationPublication . Reese, Jonathan; Correia dos Santos, Ana Sofia; Palma, Tomás; Roberto, Magda SofiaHiring managers may consider hundreds of applicants for one position, leading to rapid decisions based on minimal information which may discriminate against certain individuals. However, past research shows that individuals belonging to multiple minority groups may, in fact, benefit from their intersectional status in certain contexts. First, to identify possible types of prejudice, the Attitudes Toward Gay Men (ATG) and Attitudes Toward Brazilian Men (ATB) explicit measures were created and paired with implicit association tests (IATs). Whereas participants did not show signs of explicit negative attitudes toward outgroup members, they did exhibit implicit preferences toward ingroup members. Using another sample from the same sociocultural context, potential discrimination faced by straight or gay Brazilian applicants in Portugal was examined in high or low competence scenarios, drawing inspiration from the stereotype content model. Results indicated, compared to ingroup applicants, straight and gay outgroup members were perceived alike in competence and were offered statistically similar salaries when competence was triggered; in contrast, only straight outgroup members were perceived as less competent and were offered statistically lower salaries when competence was not triggered. Findings suggest that multiple minority status may protect certain individuals from hiring discrimination, particularly in contexts where competence is not assumed.
- A case of de-immigrantization : when sexual minority individuals lose immigrant statusPublication . Reese, Jonathan; Correia dos Santos, Ana Sofia; Palma, TomásIndividuals generally hold multiple, and sometimes stereotypically contrasted, group memberships which may change depending on uncontrollable contextual factors. For instance, if someone is a foreigner, there exist certain social stereotypes regarding their nationality which may influence others’ conceptualizations. However, how might an intersection of memberships, such as being both foreign and gay, affect natives’ perceptions of them when these stereotypes may not converge? Across four experiments, the stereotypes attributed to generalized and specific groups were examined to better understand intersectional prototypicalities. Results indicated certain cases in which immigrants may be “deimmigrantized”, or, perceived as less stereotypically immigrant. More specifically, Portuguese participants viewed gay immigrants as less prototypically immigrant, but did not view lesbian immigrants as less prototypically immigrant, bringing into question the complexity of double minority conceptualizations. Additionally, individuals from nationalities with a higher perceived percentage of gays or lesbians in their population (e.g., Brazil and France) were generally viewed as less prototypically immigrant than individuals from nationalities with a lower perceived percentage of gays or lesbians in their population (e.g., India and Japan). Conclusions provide support for intersectional theories and yield additional insights into the categorization of multiple minority groups on the basis of sexuality and nationality.