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- Antropologia multi-espécie: breves perspetivas teóricas do antropocentrismo à aceitação da subjetividade não humanaPublication . Casanova, Catarina; Vera Cortes, José LuisThe present article aims — albeit briefly — to reflect about the theoretical origins and development of multi-species anthropology. Our brief “journey” has its starting point in the paradigm of the human exceptionalism and the anthropocentric view of the relationship between human beings and the rest of the natural world. This gaze, having constituted the central paradigm of the origins of the anthropological discipline, is the result of profoundly western ways of looking at and interpreting the world and the diversity it contains. Traditional dualisms such as nature-culture are based on it, which justified the distinct treatment of the non-Western “other”. In turn, the end of this paradigm emerged as the result of the modernity rise up questions such as the mediatization of environmental issues. In this context, a new area of research emerged, the Human-Animal Studies (HAS), as coined by DeMello, despite other designations used by different research areas (e.g. anthrozoology). In this new area of investigation, relationships with other animals are seen as co-constructed, interdependent and relational, just like ecosystems themselves, and are inside a new line of thought: an Anthropology beyond humanity.
- Serão os não humanos os últimos "outros" na Antropologia? Representações sobre a superioridade humanaPublication . Casanova, CatarinaEste trabalho pretende dar uma breve visão geral dos tópicos de discussão em torno do falso paradigma “natureza “ vs. “cultura “, apontando o posicionamento biológico da espécie humana (Homo sapiens sapiens) referindo visões pautadas por perspectivas teocêntricas e antropocêntricas. Mencionando a responsabilidade da Antropologia em desconstruir o falso paradigma da “natureza” e “cultura”, e interdisciplinaridade é discutida, bem como os pressupostos que sustentam a antropologia biológica contemporânea. Os dados científicos demonstram que há continuidade entre todos os primatas (incluindo os humanos) no que diz respeito genótipo e fenótipo . Referindo a falsa dicotomia em que o paradigma judaico-cristão assenta, este texto procura desenvolver o exemplo do chimpanzé (Pan troglodytes) referindo-se a aspectos importantes da etnografia desta espécie, como o seu comportamento político, a sua cultura material , entre outros comportamentos e características.
- Kinship composition in mammalsPublication . Pereira, André S.; De Moor, Delphine; Casanova, Catarina; Brent, Lauren J. N.Understanding the evolution of group-living and cooperation requires information on who animals live and cooperate with. Animals can live with kin, non-kin or both, and kinship structure can influence the benefits and costs of group-living and the evolution of within-group cooperation. One aspect of kinship structure is kinship composition, i.e. a group-level attribute of the presence of kin and/or non-kin dyads in groups. Despite its putative importance, the kinship composition of mammalian groups has yet to be characterized. Here, we use the published literature to build an initial kinship composition dataset in mammals, laying the groundwork for future work in the field. In roughly half of the 18 species in our sample, individuals lived solely with same-sex kin, and, in the other half, individuals lived with related and unrelated individuals of the same sex. These initial results suggest that it is not rare for social mammals to live with unrelated individuals of the same sex, highlighting the importance of considering indirect and direct fitness benefits as co-drivers of the evolution of sociality. We hope that our initial dataset and insights will spur the study of kinship structure and sociality towards new exciting avenues.