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- Is living in the parental home a housing decision? Southern Europe’s young working adults from a comparative perspectivePublication . Botelho Azevedo, Alda; López-Colás, Julián; Módenes, Juan A.In Southern Europe, the exceptionally high rates of young adults living with their parents might indicate that co-residence is more frequent even among those more likely to live independently. In this study we analyse living in the parental home as a decision of young working adults in four southern European countries in comparison with France, Germany and the United Kingdom. We use the 2012 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions microdata to estimate the probability of living in the parental home for young working adults aged 18-34. Our core finding is that living with parents is a common decision in southern European countries, whereas in France, Germany and the United Kingdom young working adults opt essentially between ownership and tenancy. The results challenge us to rethink young adults’ paths to independent living and the role of public policies in their endeavours.
- Changes in the relationship between first childbirth and homeownership: new evidence from Spain, 2000-2008Publication . Botelho Azevedo, Alda; Módenes, Juan A.; López-Colás, JuliánWhen ageing became a demographic challenge in the 21st century, a consensus emerged that reversing the trend of fertility levels would benefit from fertility-oriented policies. Meanwhile, in southern Europe where the housing market is concentrated on homeownership, the housing sphere has been contributing modestly to this debate. This study analyses the relationship between homeownership and fertility in Spain during the period 2000-2008. Using the microdata of the 2008 Spanish Survey of Household Finances, we estimate a multivariate probit model to measure the effect of homeownership on the likelihood of having the first childbirth and to examine whether this relationship has changed over time. The results provide evidence that living in homeownership in the southern European housing system at the beginning of the 21st century increases the likelihood of having a first child, and in addition, social and economic developments are shaping this relationship. The key message of this study is that direct encouragement of childbearing will not suffice in promoting a change in the southern European fertility trends. The inclusion of housing policies could bring a shift at the upstream of the fertility question.
- Recent increase of tenancy in young Spanish couples: sociodemographic factors and regional market dynamicsPublication . Botelho Azevedo, Alda; López-Colás, Julián; Módenes, Juan A.The increase of the proportion of rental-occupied dwellings between 2001 and 2011 is one of the most outstanding results of the 2011 Spanish census. This study aims to explain this increase in tenancy, unveiling the sociodemographic factors behind this pattern at the individual level, and at the regional level clarifying the role of market dynamics in this change. Accordingly, using the microdata from the 2001 and 2011 Spanish censuses, multilevel logistic models are estimated. Two main findings can be drawn from this study: the recent increase in tenancy occurs concurrently with a process of convergence towards a greater acceptance of tenancy among sociodemographic groups, and changes in housing purchase prices have an impact on the likelihood of a young Spanish couple being tenants. The policy implications of these findings are twofold. On the one hand, a more active role in the regulation of housing purchase prices to deter speculative demand is needed. On the other, a greater demand for tenancy requires changes in the tenure composition of Spanish housing stock. Finally, having effective alternatives to homeownership, young adults could rely less upon family networks during the transition to adulthood which could ultimately contribute to a reduction in late parental home-leaving and encourage family formation.
- Insécurité résidentielle en période d’incertitudePublication . López-Colás, Julián; Botelho Azevedo, Alda; Módenes, Juan A.L’accélération du développement technico-scientifique de ces dernières décennies a décuplé les risques des effets négatifs de ce processus, d’où ce concept de « société du risque » proposé par Ulrich Beck (2001). La multiplication des risques a été associée à l’abandon des certitudes du passé et à l’augmentation constante des doutes et des incertitudes dans pratiquement toutes les sphères de la vie humaine. Il y a un accord généralisé pour qualifier l’époque actuelle d’ère de l’incertitude. Selon Bauman (2007), nous vivons dans une société en changement permanent dans laquelle les individus ont des difficultés d’adaptation, une société dont les institutions et les normes n’ont pas le temps de se consolider et que Bauman a par conséquent nommée la « modernité liquide ». L’insécurité résidentielle est une bonne illustration de l’incertitude croissante dans les sociétés occidentales actuelles, particulièrement depuis la dernière grande crise économique. Selon Campbell et al., (2013), l’insécurité résidentielle surgit quand on ne peut pas anticiper ni planifier les événements vitaux parce que la relation avec le logement est menacée par des facteurs financiers, un régime d’occupation du logement instable ou bien parce que le logement n’est pas conforme aux normes conventionnelles ou culturelles. L’approche de cet auteur, qui décrit l’insécurité résidentielle au-delà des indicateurs structuraux ou conjecturaux de revenus, permet d’analyser le risque de perdre son logement ou bien les difficultés des ménages pour réaliser leurs projets de vie (Chan et al., 2015). De ce point de vue, il est important de saisir la perception subjective de l’insécurité car c’est elle qui influence l’insécurité vitale (Clair et al., 2019).
- Home ownership in Southern European countries: Similarities and differencesPublication . Botelho Azevedo, Alda; López-Colás, Julián; Módenes, Juan A.Southern European countries (SEC) are often considered as a homogenous group, distinct from the rest of Europe, in the literature of housing studies. This article explores the idea that despite sharing cohesion factors, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain also displayed a significant degree of heterogeneity in their housing patterns at the outset of the current economic crisis. The study analyses 2005 and 2009 micro-data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions at two levels. At the macro level, a cluster analysis was used to define four homogeneous groups in the European context. At the micro level, both homogeneous and heterogeneous features of home ownership in the SEC were identified using logistic modelling. The results of the macro analysis highlight the structural proximity between the southern and the post-socialist countries in terms of housing characteristics. With regard to predictors of home ownership, the micro analysis confirms that SEC form a distinctive group when compared with the European Union at large, while displaying significant internal heterogeneity in predictors such as age, citizenship, dwelling type and social environment.