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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new chiral spiro-ß-lactams highly active against HIV-1 and PlasmodiumPublication . G. Alves, Nuno; Bártolo, Inês; Alves, Américo; Fontinha, Diana; Francisco, Denise; Lopes, Susana M. M.; Soares, Maria I. L.; Simões, Carlos J. V.; Prudêncio, Miguel; Taveira, Nuno; Melo, Teresa M. V. D. Pinho EThe synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new spiro-β-lactams is reported. The design of the new molecules was based on the structural modulation of two previously identified lead spiro-penicillanates with dual activity against HIV and Plasmodium. The spiro-β-lactams synthesized were assayed for their in vitro activity against HIV-1, providing relevant structure-activity relationship information. Among the tested compounds, two spirocyclopentenyl-β-lactams were identified as having remarkable nanomolar activity against HIV-1. Additionally, the same molecules showed promising antiplasmodial activity, inhibiting both the hepatic and blood stages of Plasmodium infection.
- Spiro-Lactams as Novel Antimicrobial AgentsPublication . Alves, Américo; G. Alves, Nuno; Caratão, Cátia; Esteves, Margarida; Fontinha, Diana; Bártolo, Inês; Soares, Maria I. L.; Lopes, Susana M. M.; Prudêncio, Miguel; Taveira, Nuno; Melo, Teresa M. V. D. Pinho EIntroduction: Structural modulation of previously identified lead spiro-β-lactams with antimicrobial activity was carried out. Objective: The main objective of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the biological activity of novel spiro-lactams based on previously identified lead compounds with antimicrobial activity. Methods: The target chiral spiro-γ-lactams were synthesized through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of a diazo-γ-lactam with electron-deficient dipolarophiles. In vitro activity against HIV and Plasmodium of a wide range of spiro-β-lactams and spiro-γ-lactams was evaluated. Among these compounds, one derivative with good anti-HIV activity and two with promising antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 3.5 µM) were identified. Results: A novel synthetic route to chiral spiro-γ-lactams has been established. The studied β- and γ- lactams were not cytotoxic, and three compounds with promising antimicrobial activity were identified, whose structural modulation may lead to new and more potent drugs. Conclusion: The designed structural modulation of biologically active spiro-β-lactams involved the replacement of the four-membered β-lactam ring by a five-membered γ-lactam ring. Although conformational and superimposition computational studies revealed no significant differences between β- and γ- lactam pharmacophoric features, the studied structural modulation did not lead to compounds with a similar biological profile. The observed results suggest that the β-lactamic core is a requirement for the activity against both HIV and Plasmodium.