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- Agricultural vulnerability and adaptation strategies by farmers to climate change in south-western coastal BangladeshPublication . Ashrafuzzaman, Md.; Gomes, Carla; Cerdà, Artemi; Schmidt, Luísa; Guerra, JoãoAgriculture in the south-western coastal region in Bangladesh (SWCRB) has high vulnerability to climate change (CC) owing to its proximity to the rivers and the coast, frequent natural disasters, and sea level rise (SLR) causing intrusion of saline water into agricultural fields. Climate change and SLR have caused an increase in soil salinity in the SWCRB over the years, exerting significant pressure on farming, traditional agriculture and means of living. This study examines the impacts of SLR and climate change on the agricultural land of Shyamnagar Upazila in Satkhira District of the SWCRB. This conceptual framework integrates socio-economic and geophysical factors to understand the vulnerability of farmers to climate change. A mixed-methods approach is used in this study with data analysis (qualitative and quantitative), including close-ended questionnaires, interviews, surveys, focus groups with regional farmers. The survey was conducted among 320 households in Shyamnager Upazila in Satkhira District of Bangladesh to identify current adaptation measures adopted by farmers considering the effects of climate change and associated impacts. Land use change analysis from 1989 to 2019 demonstrated the expansion of water coverage in the region. The study analysed secondary rainfall data available from the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) from 1968 to 2018, showing the changes in the rainfall pattern. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) analysis was employed to understand the interrelationship between adaptive measures used by farmers. It was determined that age, gender, and total income of survey respondents affected the chosen adaptation measures.
- Local Context of Climate Change Adaptation in the South-Western Coastal Regions of BangladeshPublication . Ashrafuzzaman, Md; Gomes, Carla; Guerra, JoãoThis study was conducted in 12 unions of the Shyamnagar upazila in Shatkira District, located in the south-western coastal region of Bangladesh (SWCRB). The inhabitants of the SWCRB are affected by different climate-influenced events such as high-intensity cyclones, saltwater intrusion, sea-level rise, and weather pattern-affected agriculture. This study focused on how the local inhabitants are coping with climate change using multilevel adaptation. A mixed approach of data collection, including quantitative and qualitative data, was followed for both primary and secondary sources. Individual level data collection, key informant interviews, close-ended questions, focus groups, life history of SWCRB residents and workshops were used to understand vulnerability and social perceptions at the local level. The findings indicated that multiple adaptation practices are employed by people in SWCRB, such as rainwater harvesting, plantation of different rice varieties, gardening of indigenous vegetables, and pond sand filtering. However, the construction of multipurpose cyclone shelters along with coastal afforestation contribute towards building resilience in the SWRCB from the socio-economic and environmental perspectives. Therefore, this study would help to find the most adequate strategy towards climate change adaptation and sustainability.