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- Who are the language tourists? A factor‐cluster analysis based on language‐related attitudes, beliefs, and travel outcomesPublication . Carvalho, Inês; Ramires, Ana; Bakas, Fiona EvaResearching language tourism (where language learning is a primary or secondary motivation for the trip) is a growing field of interest as the importance of language within tourism experiences is recognized. Conceptually located at the intersection of cultural, youth, academic, and educational tourism, past research has focused on the analysis of tourists who travel to formally learn a language, missing out on an imporrtant number of tourists who travel to learn a language informally. To overcome this gap in research, cluster analysis of a sample of 1014 formal and informal language tourists was undertaken to segment them based on language related attitudes, beliefs, and travel outcomes. Four clusters of language tourists were identified, called the Enthusiasts, the Devoted, the Pragmatists, and the Less-Committed. We propose that two axes are fundamental for characterizing and understanding language tourists, thus contributing to expand theory on language tourism.
- Research with, not for: Participatory paths through wildfires and tourismPublication . Bakas, Fiona Eva“…the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the well-being of those people” Community engagement is grounded in the principles of community organization: fairness, justice, empowerment, participation, and self-determination…
- Creative tourism as a humanistic approach to regenerative tourismPublication . Bakas, Fiona EvaCreative tourism can be an effective platform to foster regeneration since it stimulates collaboration, exchange and local development. It highlights the local identity, promoting the preservation of intangible heritage and reinforcing distinctiveness. Through meaningful interactions, creative tourism stimulates ideas improving the repertoire of one another and impacting not only the local but also the external. Aiming to promote a small-scale tourism model, aligned with the territory’s specificities and focused on cultural, social, economic and environmental sustainability, creative tourism can contribute to improving the local quality of life. Thus, creative tourism could be successfully applied to regenerate a destination depleted by mass tourism or as a tool for regenerating a marginalised place with the potential to be a tourism destination. This chapter explores the ways in which in a small city context, a national-scale creative tourism network created within the research-action project called CREATOUR, forges new meaningful understandings of how tourism can catalyse the regeneration of local communities, through the activation of local culture. Perceiving local culture as a key element in creating uniqueness, the chapter discusses the emergence of five creative tourism models and how they contribute towards the regeneration of places, particularly small cities and rural areas.