Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-05-23"
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- Jesus, apocalyptic prophet or mythologoumenon?Publication . Braga, José Maria Soares; Peerbolte, Bert Jan L.; Valdez, Ana TravassosWas Jesus of Nazareth a historical figure? When performing a horizontal reading of the Canonical Gospels, the contradictions that surface while comparing their narratives are significant. If we cannot know for sure what is the true history of Jesus, how can we even be sure that he ever existed? This thesis aims to offer an exploration of the scholarly views of the historicity of Jesus of Nazareth. Starting from a base of ten New Testament scholars, this work seeks to understand the reconstruction of the traditions of Jesus that are more likely to go back to the period Jesus supposedly lived. I will also try to understand if the story of Jesus is more likely to be part of history, to be a legend, or to be a body of myths with little connection to reality. Following said analysis, I examine some of the problems related to the life of Jesus to which we do not yet have an answer or whose answers are not satisfactory. Lastly, I gather a collection of arguments for and against the idea of Jesus as a character of history, as a legendary figure, and as a mythological being.
- J. R. R. Tolkien: construtor de mundos. Personagens, lugares e adaptaçõesPublication . Varandas, Angélica; Rodrigues, Nuno Simões; Simões, André Filipe Veloso Nunes, 1971-; Varandas, JoséJ. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973) foi, juntamente com C. S. Lewis (1898-1963), o criador da fantasia moderna. A centralidade da sua obra no espaço genológico do fantástico, a sua influência e relevância no mesmo domínio e a sua preponderância nas estratégias retóricas e narrativas mais imediatamente reconhecíveis pelos leitores do género são hoje ampla e consensualmente confirmadas pelos críticos. Pretendendo dar continuidade à reflexão crítica sobre os textos de Tolkien, que não se reduzem a O Senhor dos Anéis, surge agora este livro, que vem dar conta da pluralidade de discussões em torno dos vários temas e motivos presentes no legendarium tolkieniano. Este volume revisita personagens e lugares da Terra-Média, que, obviamente, não se esgotam nas suas dezenas de páginas. Entendemos esta publicação como uma primeira abordagem em português a determinadas figuras e espaços, que permitem uma reflexão sobre questões dos foros estético, filosófico, cultural e político, que Tolkien explorou por intermédio das suas criações literárias.
- Estudo analítico e comparativo dos museus Yves Saint Laurent de Paris e MarrakechPublication . Aubry, Inês Coelho de Moura; Reis, Jorge dosThis dissertation carried out in the scope of the Master in Museology and Museography presents an analytical but also comparative study, with the proper theoretical foundation, of two Museums dedicated to the presentation, preservation and valorization of the complete work of the couturier Yves Saint Laurent. The Musée Yves Saint Laurent Paris, in the former home of the maison de couture, and the musée Yves Saint Laurent marrakech, in a place that inspired him so much, are the greatest testimony of the work he was so passionate about for over forty years. They deserve our attention for the rarity of the existence of museums dedicated to a couturier. After an indispensable chapter of biographical contextualization of the dressmaker that goes through the most important moments and some episodes of his life that help to better understand the subsequent analysis of the two institutions, the case studies are finally presented. Each institution corresponds to a subchapter, this division allows a parallel analysis of several dimensions of the two institutions, such as the architecture, the creation of the institutions, their locations, their exhibition spaces, their missions, the graphic identities and the preservation of the collection. There is always a comparison between the two institutions. A detailed analysis and in-depth reflection is thus presented of these two complementary Museums, linked by the figure of Yves Saint Laurent and by the collection they preserve and present in a unique way
- Speech recognition systems and russian pronunciation variation in the context of VoiceInteractionPublication . Havras, Anna; Moniz, Helena Gorete Silva; Paulo, Sérgio Manuel Gaspar FerreiraThe present thesis aims to describe the work performed during the internship for the master’s degree in Linguistics at VoiceInteraction, an international Artificial Intelligence (AI) company, specializing in developing speech processing technologies. The goal of the internship was to study phonetic characteristics of the Russian language, attending to four main tasks: description of the phonetic-phonological inventory; validation of transcriptions of broadcast news; validation of a previously created lexicon composed by ten thousand (10 000) most frequently observed words in a text corpus crawled from Russian reference newspapers websites; and integration of filled pauses into the Automatic Speech Recognizer (ASR). Initially, a collection of audio and text broadcast news media from Russian-speaking regions, European Russian, Belarus, and the Caucasus Region, featuring different varieties of Russian was conducted. The extracted data and the company's existing data were used to train the acoustic, pronunciation, and language models. The audio data was automatically processed in a proprietary platform and then revised by human annotators. Transcriptions produced automatically and reviewed by annotators were analyzed, and the most common errors were extracted to provide feedback to the community of annotators. The validation of transcriptions, along with the annotation of all of the disfluencies (that previously were left out), resulted in the decrease of Word Error Rate (WER) in most cases. In some cases (in European Russian transcriptions), WER increased, the models were not sufficiently effective to identify the correct words, potentially problematic. Also, audio with overlapped speech, disfluencies, and acoustic events can impact the WER. Since we used the model that was only trained with European Russian to recognize other varieties of Russian language, it resulted in high WER for Belarus and the Caucasus region. The characterization of the Russian phonetic-phonological inventory and the construction of pronunciation rules for internal and external sandhi phenomena were performed for the validation of the lexicon – ten thousand of the most frequently observed words in a text corpus crawled from Russian reference newspapers websites, were revised and modified for the extraction of linguistic patterns to be used in a statistical Grapheme-to-phone (G2P) model. Two evaluations were conducted: before the modifications to the lexicon and after. Preliminary results without training the model show no significant results - 19.85% WER before the modifications, and 19.97% WER after, with a difference of 0.12%. However, we observed a slight improvement of the most frequent words. In the future, we aim to extend the analysis of the lexicon to the 400 000 entries (total lexicon size), analyze the type of errors that are produced, decrease the word error rate (WER), and analyze acoustic models, as well. In this work, we also studied filled pauses, since we believe that research on filled pauses for the Russian language can improve the recognition system of VoiceInteraction, by reducing the processing time and increasing the quality. These are marked in the transcriptions with “%”. In Russian, according to the literature (Ten, 2015; Harlamova, 2008; Bogradonova-Belgarian & Baeva, 2018), these are %a [a], %am [am], %@ [ə], %@m [əm], %e [e], %ɨ [ɨ], %m [m], and %n [n]. In the speech data, two more filled pauses were found, namely, %na [na] and %mna [mna], as far as we know, not yet referenced in the literature. Finally, the work performed during an internship contributed to a European project - Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Data Analysis for Authority Agencies (AIDA). The main goal of the present project is to build a solution capable of automating the processing of large amounts of data that Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) have to analyze in the investigations of Terrorism and Cybercrime, using pioneering machine learning and artificial intelligence methods. VoiceInteraction's main contribution to the project was to apply ASR and validate the transcriptions of the Russian (religious-related content). In order to do so, all the tasks performed during the thesis were very relevant and applied in the scope of the AIDA project. Transcription analysis results from the AIDA project showed a high Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) rate and high substitution (SUBS) rate. Since the language model used in this project was adapted for broadcast content, the religious-related words were left out. Also, function words were incorrectly recognized, in most cases, due to coarticulation with the previous or the following word.
- A definição legal do momento de implementação do trânsito em julgado da sentença penal condenatória como via para a efetivação da tutela das liberdadesPublication . Presotto, Luiz Alberto Almeida; Leite, Inês FerreiraA presente pesquisa tem por finalidade averiguar a possibilidade da execução da pena antes do trânsito em julgado, mas depois de esgotadas as vias ordinárias, nos ordenamentos jurídicos português e brasileiro que possuem normas, principalmente constitucionais, semelhantes a respeito do objeto da pesquisa. O principal mote do tema escolhido foram as recentes oscilações na jurisprudência constitucional brasileira sobre o assunto, mormente pelo fato de, diferentemente do que ocorre a nível infraconstitucional em Portugal, não haver previsão legal do exato momento em que se dá efetivamente o trânsito em julgado das decisões penais condenatórias. Desta forma, a despeito da expressa previsão legal da inexistência de efeito suspensivo aos recursos extraordinários e da impossibilidade de neles discutir matéria fáticoprobatória, considerando o complexo sistema recursal brasileiro, a questão da execução da pena no Brasil sempre foi tratada em função do princípio da presunção de inocência. Em Portugal, por sua vez, considerando-se que o sistema recursal do atual Código de Processo Penal sempre foi expresso quanto ao trânsito em julgado das decisões condenatórias, as discussões quanto à possibilidade de se executar a pena, mormente a privativa de liberdade, sempre foram travadas tendo por base as garantias de defesa no processo criminal e, principalmente, o direito ao recurso. Dessa forma, inspirada no sistema português, foi proposta alteração legislativa no Brasil para definir o momento de implementação do trânsito em julgado e compatibilização entre a efetividade da aplicação da lei penal e a garantia do devido processo legal