Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-02-03"
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- A crise da democracia na emergência do populismo contemporâneo e de outras desfigurações democráticasPublication . Ismail, Mona Lisa Duarte Abdo Aziz; Coutinho, Luís Pedro Dias Pereira, 1973-A crise da democracia é premente. Nos últimos anos, menos países se desenvolveram democraticamente do que caminharam em direção à autocratização. A recessão democrática atinge, principalmente, países populosos e influentes no cenário mundial. Brasil, Estados Unidos, Hungria, Polônia, Índia e Turquia estão entre os maiores declínios democráticos, o que coincide com a ascensão política de líderes populistas de direita. Por outro lado, na América Latina, em geral, predomina o populismo de esquerda, que evoluiu para modelos extremados de democracias plebiscitárias, nomeadamente na Venezuela, na Bolívia e no Equador. Ao lado do populismo e do plebiscitarismo, a democracia epistêmica representa uma outra forma de desfiguração democrática que, mesmo antes da emergência do populismo contemporâneo, já atingia as democracias liberais, desde quando transferiram boa parte do poder político de decisão para tecnocratas e outros corpos técnicos não eleitos. Para além da crise de legitimidade política, as sociedades passaram a sofrer os efeitos das crises econômicas, migratória, dentre outras transformações socioeconômicas, o que criou um grave déficit de bem-estar social. Como os governos e os sistemas partidários tradicionais foram pouco responsivos na resolução desses problemas, que afligiam populações em variadas regiões do planeta, os eleitores buscaram alternativas fora do mainstream político. A crise democrática, destarte, é bastante complexa e, para entendê-la, parte-se de uma definição normativa de democracia, baseada em procedimentos, que limitam o exercício do poder estatal e valorizam a participação política. Na sequência, inicia-se a abordagem das três formas de desfiguração democrática: a democracia epistêmica, o populismo e o plebiscitarismo. Após uma análise conjuntural e estrutural sobre o contexto da crise da democracia contemporânea; na parte final do trabalho, faz-se um estudo empírico sobre condutas antidemocráticas adotadas por líderes populistas e plebiscitários, quando se encontram no poder, com o objetivo de enquadrá-las nalguma das três deformidades democráticas analisadas na parte teórica inicial.
- O furto de bens culturais e os museus portugueses (1975-2021): do crime organizado ao ladrão de ocasiãoPublication . Correia, Dina Alexandra Varandas; Garrett Pinho, ElsaIt is undeniable the value that art has, observing, worldwide an increasing interest in its study and preservation, but also in its acquisition and sale, representing an economic asset of great importance and guaranteed value. With this increased interest, there is also a noticeable increase in thefts of works of art, and the looting of antiquities – although these crimes are distinct from each other, in origin, in purpose and in modus operandi, including in a museological context - aggravated by the extraordinary appreciation of art objects in a regulated market. However, and allied to this increase, there is a growing concern on the part of authorities and cultural organizations to prevent these crimes and investigate those already committed, to recover cultural goods, unfortunately still with little success globally, that despite the victories achieved, it continues to fall short of the pace at which art crimes follow one another. In the context of national museums, and by conducting quick research, a gap was found at the academic and scientific level in the study of this phenomenon. Thus, and in order to look for this gap and considering the personal interest on the subject combined with the fact that Portugal, due to its history and its museums is a target, a research work was developed with the aim of characterising the theft of cultural goods in Portuguese museums, in the democratic period. Through an exploratory and descriptive study, according to the qualitative research methodology of the investigation, a survey about the thefts of artworks from Portugal was carried out, using the analysis of documentation provided by museological institutions and the Judiciary Police/Art Works Brigade and data from INTERPOL. The results are intended to contribute to a general knowledge of the phenomenon in the national museological panorama, while at the same time drawing attention to the adequate security of these institutions and to the correct management of the collections, in order to prevent the occurrence of these crimes.
- A Estratégia Informacional Externa da Coreia do Sul no Quadro das Relações com a Coreia do Norte: a Hallyu enquanto Instrumento de Diplomacia Pública Sul-coreanaPublication . Matoso, Madalena Cordeiro; Maria João Militão Ferreira de Sousa PereiraO conflito com a Coreia do Norte e o seu poder nuclear são a principal ameaça à segurança da Coreia do Sul (Cheon, 2017). Para lidar com tal ameaça, o antigo Presidente Moon Jae-in procurou reforçar a cooperação sul-coreana com outros países, como os EUA, a China e o Japão (100 Policy Tasks, 2017). O seu objetivo era utilizar o seu apoio para obter vantagem estratégica face à Coreia do Norte (Stokreef, 2014; Abduazimonv, 2017; Choi, 2019). Neste sentido, serviu-se da diplomacia pública sul-coreana para influenciar os públicos estrangeiros e seus respetivos governos a terem uma visão positiva da Coreia do Sul (Hall & Smith, 2013) e, por conseguinte, a apoiarem-na no conflito com a Coreia do Norte (Choi, 2019). O principal instrumento de diplomacia pública utilizado para tal diz respeito à externalização da cultura popular sul-coreana (hallyu) (Oh, 2016). Este emprego da hallyu enquadrou-se, assim, na estratégia informacional externa sul-coreana. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo compreender a estratégia informacional externa sul-coreana, no quadro do conflito coreano, através de uma análise da política externa sul-coreana, da diplomacia pública sul-coreana, da utilização da hallyu enquanto instrumento de diplomacia pública, e de uma análise crítica de discurso. A análise de discurso foi realizada por modo a averiguar que tipo de imagem positiva a Coreia do Sul procurou projetar para angariar apoio externo.
- Diálogo inter-religioso em Bede Griffiths : um modelo de interespiritualidade hindu-cristãPublication . Andrade, Carolina João; Borges, Paulo Alexandre EstevesNa atual sociedade cada vez mais global, onde o “encontro com o outro” constitui uma realidade diária, o tema do diálogo inter-religioso e intercultural revela-se cada vez mais pertinente. No processo de procura por formas de integrar e lidar com a diferença, o exemplo de vida e a obra de Bede Griffiths constituem um modelo de Diálogo inter-religioso entre o “Ocidente” e o “Oriente” que conservam relevância e aplicabilidade na atualidade. Bede Griffiths foi um padre inglês, monge beneditino e sannyāsi que viveu na Índia durante quase quatro décadas. Escreveu vários livros nos quais explora a complementaridade entre o Cristianismo e o Hinduísmo, em especial com o sistema Advaita Vedānta, e foi responsável pelo Saccidānanda ashram, um templo ecuménico em Tamil Nadu. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as principais ideias teológicas de Bede Griffiths, assim como a sua proposta de Diálogo inter-religioso que assenta numa abordagem contemplativa e interespiritual.
- The classical ‘traception’: reconceptualizing classics in Africa (with an analysis of Fugard, Kani and Ntshona’s The Island)Publication . Dominik, William J.Classics has been used for various social, cultural and political purposes on the African sub-continent. Part I highlights some theoretical considerations regarding the traditional models of the classical tradition and the classical reception in Africa. The idea of the classical ‘traception’ embraces the classical tradition through its suggestion of linear descendent and the classical reception through its ‘receptive’ and reconfigurative associations. Part II discusses how and when classical ideas and texts reached and extended into Africa from the time of the sixteenth century and the main areas that constitute the classical ‘traception’ on the subcontinent. Part III presents a case study in the area of drama to illustrate some of the interpretive consequences of using the model of the classical tradition as opposed to that of the classical reception. My proposed model of the ‘classical traception’ seems preferable to either of these models when describing the dynamics of Fugard, Kani, and Ntshona’s The Island (1974) since it spans both the European conception of the original Antigone and its linear descent as well as its reconfiguration by its split collective (hybrid) multi-racial ‘author’ in The Island. Considering the elements of the classical tradition along with those of the classical reception—what I jointly term classical ‘traception’—helps to provide a broader view of the ways in which Classics has helped to shape and been received by different African societies and their cultures from the perspectives of both the European colonizers and indigenous peoples.
- Übersetzung dreier erzählungen aus Meninas von Maria Teresa Horta. Übersetzungsanalyse unter einbezug der Feminist TranslationsPublication . Prexl, Stefanie Elisabeth; Fischer, Claudia J.; Riedel, AndreaDer Feminismus als Kampf der Gleichberechtigung und Sichtbarmachung der Frau findet nicht nur im politischen und gesellschaftlichen Ausmaß statt – auch in der Übersetzung findet er seinen Platz. In dem Masterprojekt „Übersetzung dreier Erzählungen aus Meninas von Maria Teresa Horta ─ Übersetzungsanalyse unter Einbezug der Feminist Translations“ wird geprüft, ob sich eine originaltreue literarische Übersetzung mit der Funktion „feministischer Text“ verbinden lässt. Dazu werden unter der Berücksichtigung der allgemeinen Translationstheorie nach Reiß/Vermeer, der Textanalyse nach Nord und der Stylistique comparée nach Vinay und Darbelnet drei Übersetzungen vom Portugiesischen ins Deutsche angefertigt. Die Translate werden daraufhin auf konkrete Schwierigkeiten, Inhalte und Problematiken hin untersucht. Mithilfe der Feminist Translations können patriarchale Sprachmuster und Sexismus erkannt und alternative Übersetzungen gegeben werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich ein literarischer Ausgangstext originaltreu und feministisch übersetzen lässt, wenn er bereits eine feministische Causa verfolgt hat. Die Einbindung von Übersetzungstechniken nach den Feminist Translations bringt es mit sich, dass ein Ausgangstext (sexistisch oder feministisch) modifiziert wird, was abhängig von der Translatsfunktion wünschenswert sein kann.
- The classical ‘traception’: reconceptualizing classics in Africa (with an analysis of Fugard, Kani and Ntshona’s The Island)Publication . Dominik, William J.Classics has been used for various social, cultural and political purposes on the African sub-continent. Part I highlights some theoretical considerations regarding the traditional models of the classical tradition and the classical reception in Africa. The idea of the classical ‘traception’ embraces the classical tradition through its suggestion of linear descendent and the classical reception through its ‘receptive’ and reconfigurative associations. Part II discusses how and when classical ideas and texts reached and extended into Africa from the time of the sixteenth century and the main areas that constitute the classical ‘traception’ on the subcontinent. Part III presents a case study in the area of drama to illustrate some of the interpretive consequences of using the model of the classical tradition as opposed to that of the classical reception. My proposed model of the ‘classical traception’ seems preferable to either of these models when describing the dynamics of Fugard, Kani, and Ntshona’s The Island (1974) since it spans both the European conception of the original Antigone and its linear descent as well as its reconfiguration by its split collective (hybrid) multi-racial ‘author’ in The Island. Considering the elements of the classical tradition along with those of the classical reception—what I jointly term classical ‘traception’—helps to provide a broader view of the ways in which Classics has helped to shape and been received by different African societies and their cultures from the perspectives of both the European colonizers and indigenous peoples.
- New approaches to the study of neurorehabilitation protocols in dogs and cats with acute or chronic spinal cord injury with or without deep pain sensation and possible spinal shock signsPublication . Martins, Ângela Paula Neves Rocha; Ferreira, António José de AlmeidaABSTRACT - Intensive neurorehabilitation protocols (INRP) with rehabilitation modalities and weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT), are suggested as treatment to obtain ambulation in dogs and cats with complete (DPP-), discomplete and incomplete (DPP+) compressive or non-compressive spinal cord injury (SCI), similarly to what is performed in human medicine.The first study is a cohort, prospective, controlled and blinded study that was performed in 22 dogs with T11-L3 Hansen type I, revealing ambulation in 100% of the BWSTT group, within a mean of 4.6 weeks. One other study, a retrospective controlled clinical study, was developed in 367 acute post-surgical dogs, with T10-L3 Hansen type I. A new functional neurorehabilitation scale (FNRS-DPP-) was performed to evaluate the DPP- or discomplete dogs, that were able to achieve spinal reflex locomotion (SRL). A strong significance between groups was verified in the DPP+ (p<0.001), with 99.4% of ambulation. The same difference was seen in the DPP- (p=0.007) with 58,5% of ambulation and a tendency (p=0.058) was observed in regard to DPP recovery, with 37.2% achieving SRL, within a maximum of 3 months. INRP was demonstrated to be safe and ambulation recovery achieved earlier. The same population was included in another study, on 16 dogs with incomplete recovery 3 months after surgery. DPP- were under INRP associated with 4-aminopyridine administration, achieving 78% of SRL at day 45 and automatic micturition within a mean of 62 days. Also, 100% of ambulation in the DPP+ within a mean of 47 days and positive follow-up evolution. Ambulatory status was achieved in 88%, establishing this INRP as a therapeutic option to reduce euthanasia. Non-compressive myelopathies with contusive patterns were also referred in a prospective study of 9 cats that revealed 56% (n=5) of ambulation and 44% (n=4) of SRL, showing that INRP should be considered to improve quality of life and the well-being of our patients. Some dogs may develop spinal shock following SCI, including in acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion. Thus, a cohort prospective study applied a spinal shock scale as a monitoring tool, suggesting spinal shock as a negative factor for a quick recovery. INRP was shown to be safe, tolerable and feasible, allowing 32% of ambulation within 7 days and 94% within 60 days. Follow-ups until 4 years revealed a positive evolution. These studies should be continued, considering each limitation
- Diagnostic approach and grading scheme for canine allergic conjunctivitisPublication . Delgado, Esmeralda; Gomes, Érica; Gil, Solange; Lourenço, Ana MafaldaABSTRACT: Background: In humans, allergic conjunctivitis is a well described disease. In contrast, allergic conjunctivitis has not received much attention from the veterinary community so far. Canine allergic conjunctivitis (cAC) is one of the possible manifestations associated with canine atopic dermatitis (cAD), being often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Our aim is to contribute to disease characterization and clinical stagingfor cAC severity. Results: A retrospective observational study including 122 dogs that underwent a complete ophthalmological and dermatological examinations and diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis was conducted. A total of six ophthalmic clinical signs were considered for disease characterization and clinical staging: conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, ocular pruritus, epiphora, seromucoid to mucopurulent discharge and keratitis, classifed from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). Scores comprised between 1–5 were considered mild, 6–10 moderate and 11–18 severe. The majority of dogs (64%) presented with moderate cAC followed by 24% of mild stages and only 12% of severe presentations. The severity of allergic conjunctivitis was not correlated to sex or age at the time of diagnosis and all presented with a bilateral form of the disease. Chemosis (84%), hyperemia (83%) and ocular pruritus (79%) was observed in 55% of the cases. Seromucoid to mucopurulent discharge (62%) and epiphora (69%) were less frequent, with keratitis being the least encountered clinical sign (15%). The degree of keratitis showed a positive correlation with both severity and chronicity of cAC (rho=0.21–0.29, p≤0.02)). Severity of cAD and cAD were not signifcantly correlated (p-value=0.4). Discussion and conclusion: The triad hyperemia, chemosis and ocular pruritus, already known in human medicine to be a reliable way of diagnosing human allergic conjunctivitis, also proved to be important in cAC Mild forms of the disease may pass unnoticed, ocular pruritus being hard to assess in canine patients.The proposed standardized diagnostic approach and novel grading scheme for cAC may be of value for both veterinary ophthalmologists and dermatologists, as well as general practitioners.