Repository logo

Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-09-15"

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Ingestão alimentar compulsiva em adultos com excesso de peso: frequência e relação com dietas realizadas
    Publication . Correia, Juliana Marques; Carmo, Maria Isabel Augusta Cortes do; Vaz, Ana Rita Rendeiro Ribeiro
    Introdução: Sabe-se que a ingestão alimentar compulsiva (IAC) é mais frequente em indivíduos com excesso de peso que procuram tratamento para a redução ponderal e que está associada a dieta, contudo os dados disponíveis são discrepantes sobre a prevalência da IAC nesta população bem como sobre o tipo de relação deste comportamento com as dietas e com a restrição alimentar cognitiva (RAC). O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a frequência de IAC em adultos com excesso de peso que procuram tratamento para a perda de peso e analisar a relação da IAC com os dados antropométricos, o número de dietas realizadas e o grau de RAC. Metodologia: Estudo observacional analítico transversal com uma amostra de 155 participantes com excesso de peso que estavam a iniciar um programa de perda de peso. A recolha de dados foi realizada na primeira consulta de nutrição e através da entrega de questionários: sobre as dietas realizadas, do Binge Eating Scale (BES) para avaliação da IAC e do Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 (TFEQ-R21) subescala da restrição alimentar cognitiva para avaliar o grau da RAC. Resultados: A amostra, na sua maioria do género feminino (94,2%), apresentava uma idade média de 47 anos, índice de massa corporal médio de 31,1Kg/m2 e massa gorda média de 43,5%. A frequência estimada de IAC foi de 29%. Encontrou-se uma associação entre a IAC e o género feminino. A percentagem de massa gorda, o número de dietas realizadas e a expetativa de perda de peso verificaram-se estar positivamente associados à pontuação final do BES, enquanto que o grau de RAC e a idade de início de dieta encontraram-se negativamente associados à pontuação final do BES. Da amostra com IAC, 71,1% iniciou este comportamento previamente à primeira dieta realizada. Conclusão: A ingestão alimentar compulsiva é comum em adultos com excesso de peso que procuram tratamento para perda de peso. Conclui-se que os profissionais de saúde devem estar alerta e realizar um rastreio de perturbação alimentar em indivíduos com excesso de peso que pretendem emagrecer, principalmente nos com maior historial de dietas realizadas. Estudos prospetivos e mais alargados são necessários para melhor avaliar e compreender as relações entre o excesso de peso, IAC e realização de dietas.
    2020-09-15Master thesis Open access Show more
  • Kant on the concept of Witz
    Publication . Silva, Fernando M. F.
    The central aim of this essay is to portray Kant’s notion of Witz as it unfolds from his Lectures on Anthropology, in a decisive stage of his intellectual evolution (1772–96). This aim is sub-divided into two parallel objectives: first, to sketch a brief history of the concept of Witz, thus showing how Witz came to evolve from having a rational connotation to having an imaginative connotation, and how it came to be a pregnant philosophical issue, as well as an aesthetic principle. Secondly, to show how Kant read that singular course in the evolution of Witz; how, in his view, Witz and the power of judgement, imagination, and intellect are indeed opposed, but also how there is a necessity to unite both opposing parts; a convergence which is not only advantageous for both parts, but serves a greater purpose: to create an unsuspected link between imagination and understanding, as well as between philosophy and poetry.
    2020-09-15Journal article Open access Show more
  • The effects of exercise mode on post-exercise arterial stiffness in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease
    Publication . Santos, Vanessa Sofia Teigão dos; Rodrigues, Maria Helena Santa Clara Pombo
    Introduction: Cardiovascular risk factors have unfavorable impact on arterial function, including decreased endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness (AS). Increased AS has been observed in coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF) patients, and in firefighters’ changes in central blood pressure and AS after acute firefighting training may provide insight regarding the vascular stress. Literatures show that resistance exercise has acutely increase arterial stiffness (AS), whereas a bout of endurance exercise seems to reduce AS. Purpose: Determine the effectiveness of different modalities of exercise modes in acute response of arterial stiffness in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease. Methods: Original 1st study: acute effects on arterial stiffness on older CAD patients on endurance and resistance isolate sessions. Original 2 nd study: acute effects on arterial stiffness on older CAD and HF patients on combined endurance and resistance sessions (CET and CRT, respectively). Original 3 rd study: acute effects of maximal exercise and a rescue simulation (CPET and RS, respectively) on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in firefighters. Results: Original 1st study: An interaction effect was detected for central and peripheral pulse wave velocity (PWV), due to an increase in PWV following the resistance session and a decrease in central and peripheral PWV following the endurance session; Original 2nd study: A session-by-time interaction was detected with a large size effect in carotid, in aortic PWV and in femoral PWV as following CET and CRT on both cardiovascular diseases; Original 3rd study: Significant differences were detected on femoral PWV after 5 and 15 min following CPET and RS, due to a decrease following both tasks. Conclusion: The main finding from these studies was that endurance exercise or when endurance component is bigger in combined training could be a positive mode of exercise on cardiovascular system by showing a decrease in AS after exercise. On other side, both resistance training and combined training with more resistance component shown a significant increase in AS after exercise. Key-words: Coronary Artery Diseases; H
    2020-09-15Doctoral thesis Open access Show more
  • Aging Conditions of the Portuguese Population Aged 50 Years and Over
    Publication . Bárrios, Maria João; Fonseca, António Manuel; Fernandes, Ana
    Population aging is a social issue, related to people’s living conditions and the way they grow older. Researchers, policy makers, and stakeholders are working together to find the best solutions to meet population needs as people age. Policies should consider the heterogeneity that is inherent in the aging process, the characteristics of its beneficiaries, and their life conditions. This study presents an analysis of the SHARE Wave 4 data from Portugal, identifying the key considerations to be taken into account in the policy-making process. Our results showed that the older Portuguese are poorly educated, inactive, have economic difficulties, and make a poor evaluation of their health, whereas active people are autonomous in their participation. The population groups that require more attention are older individuals, women, and the least educated. Income and health conditions are the most influential variables and should be a priority.
    2020-09-15Journal article Restricted access Show more