Abreu, Ana2024-12-172024-12-172024Rev Port Cardiol. 2024 Aug;43(8):445-4470870-2551http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/96433© 2024 Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (ASCVD) is known to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There have been many advances in treatment over the years, including invasive percutaneous coronary intervention, and in secondary prevention with widespread use of statins, other lipid-lowering agents and new antiplatelet agents, impacting on prognosis. However, in the population not diagnosed with CV disease (CVD), a major issue remains in practice: how to assess CV risk, which could enable primary prevention of ASCVD, acting upstream. Most CV events can be prevented by control of behavioral risk factors, such as unhealthy diet, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption.engjournal article10.1016/j.repc.2024.06.0012174-2030