Moura Coelho, NunoTavares Ferreira, JoanaBruxelas, Carolina PereiraDutra Medeiros, MarcoCunha, João PauloPinto Proença, Rita2020-10-282020-10-282019Moura-Coelho, N., Tavares Ferreira, J., Bruxelas, C. et al. (2019) Rho kinase inhibitors—a review on the physiology and clinical use in Ophthalmology. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 257, 1101–11171435-702Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/44689© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Part of Springer Nature.The Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway is involved in several cellular events that include cell proliferation and cytoskeleton modulation leading to cell adhesion. The ROCK pathway in the human eye has been hypothesized to play important roles in corneal endothelial cell physiology and pathologic states. In addition, ROCK signaling has been identified as an important regulator of trabecular meshwork (TM) outflow, which is altered in glaucomatous eyes. These roles in corneal and glaucomatous disease states have led to the growing interest in the development of drugs selectively targeting this pathway (ROCK inhibitors). The authors provide a review of the literature on the pathobiology of the ROCK signaling in corneal endothelial disease, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal disease, as well as the clinical usefulness of ROCK inhibitors in Ophthalmology.engCorneal endothelial diseaseGlaucomaRho kinaseRho kinase inhibitorsVitreoretinal diseasejournal article10.1007/s00417-019-04283-5