Cortez-Dias, Nuno2025-05-122025-05-122025Rev Port Cardiol . 2025 May;44(5):277-2790870-2551http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/100611© 2025 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the population, and its treatment is a public health imperative due to its association with increased mortality and morbidity, including stroke, heart failure, and dementia. Early rhythm control strategies are the most effective way to prevent long-term adverse cardiovascular events. While antiarrhythmic drugs remain central to treatment, AF ablation has gained prominence due to its high effectiveness and superiority over pharmacological treatments.engjournal article10.1016/j.repc.2025.02.0032174-2030