Fonseca, Manuel João Caneira Monteiro daCardoso, Francisco Dias2023-09-072023-09-0720232022http://hdl.handle.net/10451/59173Tese de Mestrado, Engenharia Informática, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiênciasThere are several ways to input text in a computer nowadays, which the most common is the traditional physical keyboard that has an average entry rate of 40 words per minute. There are also, virtual keyboards that work together with a mouse, speech to text or even touch based text input. However for people who are affected by certain motor impairments, these do not work, so their only resort is gaze text entry. Although eye interaction has been around for many years, improvements and innovation are always possible and necessary. Due to this relatively slow typing, in comparison to the traditional physical keyboard, text entry could be quite boring, monotonous and uncomfortable for the user. To this end, we needed to provide the users with a more comfortable and intuitive way of typing that at the same time provides a good entry rate matched with a low error rate. In this work we developed WordPop, a text entry technique to allow users to enter text using only gaze. Our technique is based on a multi-level system of dynamic suggestions, where users can type from one letter to a full word at a time. For the design of this technique, we started by doing research on the literature on the topic, understanding its problems, possible solutions and other techniques for gaze text entry. After designing the technique, we evaluated two variants of itself to understand which selection mechanism (Dwell-Time or Reverse Crossing) had the most promising results and the user preference. In the end, we finished with more user testing, this time to verify the improvement with practice over time and how it fared against another existing technique in the same environment. We achieved, with 5 participants, an average of 6.97 words per minute (wpm) and a maximum of 14.60 words per minute after five sessions. Additionally, participants considered our technique more comfortable to the eyes and enjoyable to use than the other technique. They also mentioned that it was fun to use.engWordPopEntrada de textoRastreamento do olharInteração com olharSugestões dinâmicasTeses de mestrado - 2023master thesis203524349