Pereira, LavíniaBina, Olivia2020-04-212020-04-212020Manuscript version of: Pereira, L. Bina, O. (2020) The IPBES Conceptual Framework: enhancing the space for plurality of knowledge systems and paradigms. In Castro Pereira, P. and Saramago, A (Eds.), Non-Human Nature in World Politics: Theory and Practice, pp. 311-335. Springer Nature, Switzerlandhttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/43013Conceptions of nature and of humanity’s place within it, we argue, are the best arena to finally confront and resolve the fundamental epistemological and ontological divide that stands in the way of transformative change. We develop this idea focusing on the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) whose goal is ‘strengthening the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services’. In 2015 the IPBES created a Conceptual Framework to support policy-makers, and different stakeholders, in their assessment of complex interactions between the natural world and human societies. One of the main goals of the Framework is to allow plurality, bringing together different knowledge systems, and its particular representations of humans-nature relations. In this chapter we explore the epistemological and ontological assumptions that lay behind the Framework’s endeavour, aiming to contribute to strengthen its ability to achieve such goal. First, we set out the theoretical context and the analytical tools for a critical review the IPBES Framework; second, we expose limitations and hidden assumptions that risk undermining the Framework’s pursuit of plurality of knowledge; finally, we identify and discuss the conditions to create the space that allows for effective dialogue across paradigms and knowledge systems. We conclude arguing for the need to transcend paradigms and to embrace integral approaches (re)connecting biodiversity conservation and humans and nature.engbook part