Regresso e circulação de emigrantes portugueses no início do século XXI

Abstract

O principal objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a importância do regresso de emigrantes portugueses durante a década de 2001-2011, tendo em conta o volume do regresso, os perfis sociodemográficos, as variações por países de emigração e a emergência de novas formas de mobilidade. Um objetivo particular consiste em produzir uma tipologia das formas de regresso: algumas mais associadas à visão tradicional da emigração na idade ativa e regresso na fase da reforma, outras indiciadoras de movimentos de tipo diferente, com regressos mais precoces durante a vida ativa. A observação de dados recentes permite descortinar algumas das novas modalidades de emigração, incluindo uma tendência crescente para a circulação.

This text’s main objective is to assess the importance of the return of Portuguese emigrants in 2001-2011, in the light of the number of people who came back, their sociodemographic profiles, the variations in the countries they came from, and the emergence of new forms of mobility. A more particular goal is to produce a typology of forms of return: some more associated with the traditional view of people emigrating when they are of working age and coming home in the retirement phase of their lives; others that suggest movements of a different type, with earlier returns while the returnee is still working. The authors also look at how an increase in complex mobility patterns can lead to a different pattern of returns. Recent data reveal some of the new mobility formats, including a growing trend towards circulation.

Le principal objectif de ce texte est d’évaluer l’importance du retour des émigrés portugais au cours la décennie 2001-2011, compte tenu du nombre de retours, des profils sociodémographiques, des variations par pays d’émigration et de l’émergence de nouvelles formes de mobilité. Un objectif particulier est de produire une typologie des formes de retour: certaines plus associées à la vision traditionnelle de l’émigration à l’âge actif et du retour à l’âge de la retraite, d’autres révélant des mouvements d’un type différent, comme les retours plus précoces à l’âge actif. En outre, le développement de modèles complexes de mobilité peut donner lieu à différentes logiques de retour. L’observation de données récentes permet de déceler certaines des nouvelles modalités de déplacement, notamment une tendance croissante à la circulation.