Anatomia artística : o seu lugar na arte e no ensino artístico

Abstract

Artistic anatomy has always been and still is one of the structural elements of artistic education. At various moments in history, its relevance was questioned, especially when the standards established in Art began to be deconstructed. In this work we sought to identify the importance of anatomy, but above all, the fusion of artistic and scientific knowledge. The research conducted in this doctoral thesis was based on human anatomy and how knowledge of this science influences artistic learning. For this purpose, anatomical didactic elements, known as “Écorché”, or “Flayed”, were analyzed. A thorough study was conducted on these models and their creators. Digital elements that adapt to current technological needs were analyzed. A historical contextualization of female anatomical models was created, once that their creation was quite limited. Therefore, a comprehensive study was developed on the female model, both in its anatomical and morphological components. In morphology, several body types were identified that could help represent the female body. As a complement to theory and as this is an investigation in Fine Arts, two practical components were developed. The first focused on an anatomical and morphological analysis carried out using watercolor drawings. The study was based on 50 volunteer models, who posed in anatomical positions, in various point of views. In this study, morphological and anatomical patterns were identified that helped to develop the second practical component of our research, a female anatomical model, commonly known as écorché. The sculpture was modeled in plastiline and aims to become a didactic element to be used in the classroom context. Thus, the importance of Artistic Anatomy was reinforced through its historical contextualization and all the elements developed for this work