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Authors
Abstract(s)
A água é um direito humano. Ainda assim, não está à disposição de uma parte significativa da
população mundial. Em 2023, cerca de 2 mil milhões de pessoas não dispunham de água potável. Esta
problemática é particularmente grave em África e em países em desenvolvimento como a Guiné-Bissau.
O trabalho desenvolvido teve como objetivo principal avaliar a qualidade microbióloga e
físico-química da água para consumo em localidades da Região de Oio na Guiné-Bissau, bem como a
análise da sua disponibilidade.
O estudo foi realizado entre outubro de 2022 e setembro de 2023 em quatro localidades rurais: Cangha
N’Tchugal, Cajaque, Infaidi e Insanha. Durante o período foram colhidas e analisadas oito amostras de
água por localidade, quatro em cada estação.
Os resultados microbiológicos revelaram a presença de coliformes fecais na maioria das amostras, com
concentrações entre 2 e 39 UFC/100 mL. Das determinações físico-químicas realizadas destaca-se o pH
ácido das águas em todas as localidades, que variou entre 4,93 e 6,58, os fosfatos com concentrações
entre 0,23 mg/L e 0,77 mg/L e os valores elevados de ferro na estação seca entre 0,27 e 3,00 mg/L. A
análise dos parâmetros permitiu verificar um aumento da concentração de coliformes fecais da estação
seca para a estação das chuvas: Cangha N’Tchugal 0 para 4 UFC/100 mL, Cajaque 31 para 47 UFC/100
mL, Infaidi 8 para 33 UFC/100 mL e Insanha 2 para 15 UFC/100 mL, e uma diminuição das
concentrações de ferro: Cangha N’Tchugal 0,27 para 0,09 mg/L, Cajaque 0,48 para 0,10 mg/L e Insanha
0,07 para 0,05 mg/L.
Conclui-se assim, que a água nos quatro pontos analisados não é adequada para o consumo humano.
Perante este contexto, destaca-se a necessidade no futuro de uma monitorização regular dos pontos de
água utilizados para consumo e de um maior acesso ao recurso e ao saneamento básico.
Water is a human right. Still, it is not available to a significant part of the world's population. In 2023 around 2 billion people did not have access to drinking water. This problem is particularly severe in Africa and in developing countries such as Guinea-Bissau. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical quality of drinking water in localities of the Oio Region in Guinea-Bissau, as well as the analysis of its availability. The present study was conducted between October 2022 and September 2023 in four rural locations: Cangha N'Tchugal, Cajaque, Infaidi, and Insanha. During this period, eight water samples were collected and analyzed per location, four in each season. Microbiological results revealed fecal coliforms in most samples, with concentrations ranging from 2 to 39 CFU/100 mL. Among the physicochemical determinations carried out, the acidic pH of the waters in all locations stands out, varying between 4.93 and 6.58, the phosphates with concentrations between 0.23 and 0.77 mg/L and the iron values in the dry season between 0.27 and 3.00 mg/L. The analysis of the parameters showed an increase in the concentration of fecal coliforms from the X to X season: Cangha N'Tchugal 0 to 4 CFU/100 mL, Cajaque 31 to 47 CFU/100 mL, Infaidi 8 to 33 CFU/100 mL and Insanha 2 to 15 CFU/100 mL, and a decrease in iron concentrations: Cangha N'Tchugal 0.27 to 0.09 mg/L, Cajaque 0.48 to 0.10 mg/L, and Insanha 0.07 to 0.05 mg/L. Thus concluding that the water analyzed at the four points is not suitable for human consumption. In view of this context, the need for regular monitoring of water points used for consumption and greater access to resources and basic sanitation in the future is highlighted.
Water is a human right. Still, it is not available to a significant part of the world's population. In 2023 around 2 billion people did not have access to drinking water. This problem is particularly severe in Africa and in developing countries such as Guinea-Bissau. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical quality of drinking water in localities of the Oio Region in Guinea-Bissau, as well as the analysis of its availability. The present study was conducted between October 2022 and September 2023 in four rural locations: Cangha N'Tchugal, Cajaque, Infaidi, and Insanha. During this period, eight water samples were collected and analyzed per location, four in each season. Microbiological results revealed fecal coliforms in most samples, with concentrations ranging from 2 to 39 CFU/100 mL. Among the physicochemical determinations carried out, the acidic pH of the waters in all locations stands out, varying between 4.93 and 6.58, the phosphates with concentrations between 0.23 and 0.77 mg/L and the iron values in the dry season between 0.27 and 3.00 mg/L. The analysis of the parameters showed an increase in the concentration of fecal coliforms from the X to X season: Cangha N'Tchugal 0 to 4 CFU/100 mL, Cajaque 31 to 47 CFU/100 mL, Infaidi 8 to 33 CFU/100 mL and Insanha 2 to 15 CFU/100 mL, and a decrease in iron concentrations: Cangha N'Tchugal 0.27 to 0.09 mg/L, Cajaque 0.48 to 0.10 mg/L, and Insanha 0.07 to 0.05 mg/L. Thus concluding that the water analyzed at the four points is not suitable for human consumption. In view of this context, the need for regular monitoring of water points used for consumption and greater access to resources and basic sanitation in the future is highlighted.
Description
Tese de Mestrado, Biologia Humana e Ambiente, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Keywords
Africa Subsariana Coliformes fecais Qualidade da água Saúde ambiental Saúde humana Teses de mestrado - 2024