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Construção e avaliação de materiais curriculares : desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico em alunos do 5º ano de escolaridade
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Atendendo a que o ensino do Pensamento Crítico é um objectivo a atingir no
quadro do ensino das ciências, delineou-se o presente estudo com a finalidade de
construir e avaliar materiais curriculares que promovam nos alunos capacidades de
Pensamento Critico, passíveis de serem usados em contexto de sala de aula,
concretamente na disciplina de ciências da natureza do 2° Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Para
a concepção dos referidos materiais curriculares, para se ter a certeza que estes
efectivamente apelavam a capacidades de Pensamento Critico, adoptou-se como
quadro teórico a definição de Pensamento Crítico de Ennis e o trabalho de investigação
realizado por Tenreiro Vieira (1994).
Dos materiais curriculares desenvolvidos fazem parte integrante uma história,
um manual do professor e um manual para o aluno. Optou-se por este formato tendo
por base o programa Filosofia para Crianças de Mathew Lipman, pois tendo em
consideração a idade a quem os materiais se destinam, pensa-se que é uma forma
diferente e mais interessante de abordar conteúdos aliados à promoção de capacidades
de Pensamento Crítico. Através da história criaram-se actividades de discussão e de
questionamento que apelam a conhecimentos de ciências da natureza - 5° Ano e a
capacidades de Pensamento Crítico.
Para a aplicação dos materiais curriculares escolheu-se alunos de uma turma
do 5° Ano de escolaridade e a professora que leccionava a disciplina de Ciências da
Natureza à referida turma. A investigação foi de natureza qualitativa. Os dados
recolhidos através de vários instrumentos e técnicas permitiram verificar que os alunos
ao utilizarem os materiais curriculares manifestavam o uso de capacidades de
Pensamento Crítico. Para tal análise conceberam-se instrumentos próprios.
Após o trabalho desenvolvido conclui-se que, efectivamente, os alunos
manifestaram o uso de capacidades de Pensamento Critico durante a aplicação dos
materiais curriculares. Salienta-se que, construir materiais curriculares que apelem a
capacidades de Pensamento Critico não é tarefa fácil, mas é sem dúvida gratificante
investir nesta área. Este trabalho é um pequeno contributo para os professores que
pretendam promover capacidades de pensamento Critico nos alunos, numa área em que
ainda há muito para fazer e espera-se que futuras investigações lhe dêem continuidade.
Once the teaching of critical thinking is a goal to attain on natural sciences teaching, it was depicted the present study to do and evaluate curricular materials that can promote on students critical thinking skills to be used in classroom context, concretely in the grade. For the conception of these curricular materials, to be sure that they have effectively appealed to critical thinking skills, it was adopted as a theoretical board the definition of Ennis's critical thinking and the research work done by Tenreiro-Vieira (1994). A story, a teacher's book and a student's book are part of developed curricular materials. This shape was adopted on the basis of the programme Philosophy for Children of Mathew Lipman because, having in consideration the age to who the materials are addressed, it is considered a different and a more interesting way of coming up to contents allied to the promotion of critical thinking skills. Through the story activities of discussion and questioning were created which appeal to some knowledge's of 5th grade as well as critical thinking skills. For the application of the curricular materials the students of a grade class were chosen as well as the teacher who was teaching them natural sciences. The research was a qualitative nature one. The assembled informations through several instruments and techniques allowed to verify that the students evinced critical thinking skills, when using curricular materials. For this analysis were conceived proper instruments. After the development of the research it is concluded that on one hand the students have showed the use of critical thinking skills during the application of curricular materials. On the other hand conceiving curricular materials which appeal to critical thinking skills is not an easy task, but it is undoubdy very gratifying to invest in this area. This work is a small contribution for the teachers who intend to promote critical thinking skills on students, in a field where there is skill a lot to be done and where fijture researches are hoped to give it continuity.
Once the teaching of critical thinking is a goal to attain on natural sciences teaching, it was depicted the present study to do and evaluate curricular materials that can promote on students critical thinking skills to be used in classroom context, concretely in the grade. For the conception of these curricular materials, to be sure that they have effectively appealed to critical thinking skills, it was adopted as a theoretical board the definition of Ennis's critical thinking and the research work done by Tenreiro-Vieira (1994). A story, a teacher's book and a student's book are part of developed curricular materials. This shape was adopted on the basis of the programme Philosophy for Children of Mathew Lipman because, having in consideration the age to who the materials are addressed, it is considered a different and a more interesting way of coming up to contents allied to the promotion of critical thinking skills. Through the story activities of discussion and questioning were created which appeal to some knowledge's of 5th grade as well as critical thinking skills. For the application of the curricular materials the students of a grade class were chosen as well as the teacher who was teaching them natural sciences. The research was a qualitative nature one. The assembled informations through several instruments and techniques allowed to verify that the students evinced critical thinking skills, when using curricular materials. For this analysis were conceived proper instruments. After the development of the research it is concluded that on one hand the students have showed the use of critical thinking skills during the application of curricular materials. On the other hand conceiving curricular materials which appeal to critical thinking skills is not an easy task, but it is undoubdy very gratifying to invest in this area. This work is a small contribution for the teachers who intend to promote critical thinking skills on students, in a field where there is skill a lot to be done and where fijture researches are hoped to give it continuity.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Educação (Didáctica das Ciências), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2006
Palavras-chave
Pensamento crítico Ciências - Estudo e ensino Sala de aula Prática Ensino-aprendizagem Teses de mestrado - 2006