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Homens em licença parental inicial partilhada : a perspetiva do pai e da empresa
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Em vigor desde 2009, a “licença parental inicial” convida à participação autónoma do pai nos cuidados ao bebé desde os primeiros meses de vida. Se o pai ficar de licença, sozinho com o bebé, depois de a mãe regressar ao trabalho, a licença bem paga prolonga-se mais um mês. A introdução deste “bónus” modificou o perfil de utilização desta licença, até então, quase exclusivamente feminino. Porém, se há muitos homens a aceitar este convite muitos outros ainda o declinam. Sabemos que a conciliação entre vida familiar e vida profissional enfrenta obstáculos a partir do mercado de trabalho, sobretudo no caso dos homens sistematicamente mais permeáveis ao estereótipo do trabalhador ideal (masculino) que surge em cumplicidade com o do cuidador ideal (feminino). Neste cenário de constrangimentos vários, que fatores estão a contribuir para a mobilização do pai em torno da licença parental inicial partilhada? A pesquisa tem dois objetivos: conhecer os motivos que levaram os homens a partilhar a licença bonificada; conhecer o papel que aí desempenharam os respetivos contextos profissionais. Seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, explorámos a perspetiva do pai e de entidades empregadoras. Os resultados destacam a motivação cuidadora, mas também a multiplicidade de variáveis que, no mercado de trabalho, acionam e condicionam a mobilização do pai. Apontam para uma complexidade de configurações de mobilização que resultam da interação entre motivações, dinâmicas do mercado de trabalho e agência individual do pai. Encontramos três padrões de comunicação e acolhimento da decisão do pai em contexto laboral - negociação, penalização e informação; do lado dos empregadores tipificamos três padrões de interpretação e acomodação da iniciativa do pai - resistente, ambíguo e recetivo. Concluímos que a partilha da licença parental inicial bonificada pelo pai não está ainda consolidada como direito ou política de conciliação, mas que a agência individual do pai pode ter um papel importante nesse sentido.
“Initial parental leave”, which has been enshrined in legislation since 2009, encourages the father to take a “home alone leave” in order to care for the baby in the first months of life. If the father remains on leave alone with the baby after the mother goes back to work, this leave is extended for a further month. The introduction of this “bonus” month changed the way parents use this leave, in that until then it had almost always been taken exclusively by the mother. However, while many men take up this option, there are many others who decline to do so. We know that the labour market places obstacles in the way of reconciling work and family life, especially for men who are more susceptible to the (male) ideal worker stereotype, which goes hand in hand with the (female) ideal carer stereotype. In this scenario of multiple constraints, what are the factors which help the father to opt for shared initial parental leave? This research has two aims: to understand the motives which lead men to share the bonus leave; and to understand the role of the corresponding work contexts. Adopting a qualitative approach, we explore the father’s and employers’ perspectives. The results highlight the father’s motivation to care, and also a multiplicity of other labour market variables which act on and affect the father’s willingness to take up the leave. They point to complexity in the combinations of factors affecting fathers’ take up of shared leave, deriving from the interaction of motivations, labour market dynamics and fathers’ agency. We identify three patterns of communication and reception of the father’s decision in the work context – negotiation, information and penalty; on the employers’ side we find three types of interpretation and acceptance of the father’s initiative – resistance, ambiguity and receptiveness. We conclude that the father’s sharing of “initial parental leave” with the bonus month is still not fully integrated as a right or policy for reconciling work and family life, however father’s agency may play a significant role in achieving this.
“Initial parental leave”, which has been enshrined in legislation since 2009, encourages the father to take a “home alone leave” in order to care for the baby in the first months of life. If the father remains on leave alone with the baby after the mother goes back to work, this leave is extended for a further month. The introduction of this “bonus” month changed the way parents use this leave, in that until then it had almost always been taken exclusively by the mother. However, while many men take up this option, there are many others who decline to do so. We know that the labour market places obstacles in the way of reconciling work and family life, especially for men who are more susceptible to the (male) ideal worker stereotype, which goes hand in hand with the (female) ideal carer stereotype. In this scenario of multiple constraints, what are the factors which help the father to opt for shared initial parental leave? This research has two aims: to understand the motives which lead men to share the bonus leave; and to understand the role of the corresponding work contexts. Adopting a qualitative approach, we explore the father’s and employers’ perspectives. The results highlight the father’s motivation to care, and also a multiplicity of other labour market variables which act on and affect the father’s willingness to take up the leave. They point to complexity in the combinations of factors affecting fathers’ take up of shared leave, deriving from the interaction of motivations, labour market dynamics and fathers’ agency. We identify three patterns of communication and reception of the father’s decision in the work context – negotiation, information and penalty; on the employers’ side we find three types of interpretation and acceptance of the father’s initiative – resistance, ambiguity and receptiveness. We conclude that the father’s sharing of “initial parental leave” with the bonus month is still not fully integrated as a right or policy for reconciling work and family life, however father’s agency may play a significant role in achieving this.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Sociologia (Sociologia das Desigualdades, das Minorias e dos Movimentos Sociais), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2018
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2018